{"id":8889,"date":"2025-07-21T14:35:33","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T14:35:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snuac.snu.ac.kr\/aa\/?p=8889"},"modified":"2026-03-24T07:38:55","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:38:55","slug":"%ed%85%8c%ec%8a%a4%ed%8a%b8-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/?p=8889","title":{"rendered":"\ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ud328\uad8c\uad6d? \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc758 \ubd80\ud765\uacfc \ubab0\ub77d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2,\r\n                .tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_2,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_2:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_2:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_4  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_acf field_group=&#8221;99&#8243; field_from_99=&#8221;field_606aa6f1c30dd&#8221; align=&#8221;right&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-2\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto &#091;--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)&#093; @&#091;37rem&#093;:&#091;--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)&#093; @&#091;72rem&#093;:&#091;--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)&#093; px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"&#091;--thread-content-max-width:32rem&#093; @&#091;34rem&#093;:&#091;--thread-content-max-width:40rem&#093; @&#091;64rem&#093;:&#091;--thread-content-max-width:48rem&#093; mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal &#091;.text-message+&amp;&#093;:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"5b9eba7d-6f1a-4264-a4b8-8d7d7e3d6894\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-&#091;3px&#093;\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774 \uae00\uc740 \ud544\uc790\uc758 \uc800\uc11c \u300e\ub0c9\uc804 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0 \ud655\uc7a5\uacfc \uac15\ub300\uad6d\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9: \ubb34\uc7a5 \ubd80\uc0c1 \uc774\ub860(<em>Territorial Expansion and Great Power Behavior during the Cold War: A Theory of Armed Emergence<\/em>\u300f (Routledge, 2025) \uc758 6\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1975\ub144\uacfc 1991\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ud655\uc7a5\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc0f \uc218\uc815\uc8fc\uc758 \uac15\ub300\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc6a9\ud788 \ud604\uc0c1 \uc720\uc9c0\ub97c \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \ubcc0\ubaa8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1973\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud558\uace0, 1975\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uacf5 \ud568\ub77d \uc774\ud6c4 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \ud1b5\uc77c\ub41c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uad70\uc0ac \uc138\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uace0\ubb34\ub41c \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \uad70\uc0ac\ub825\uc744 \uc601\ud1a0 \uc815\ubcf5\uacfc \uc9c0\uc5ed \ud328\uad8c \ud655\ubcf4\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uaca9\uc801 \ud655\uc7a5 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \uc65c 1970~80\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc704\ud611\uc801\uc778 \uac15\ub300\uad6d\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, 1990\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc870\uc6a9\ud55c \ud604\uc0c1 \uc720\uc9c0 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \uc804\ub77d\ud558\uc600\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubcf8 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \ud544\uc790\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc774 \ub0c9\uc804 \uc885\uc2dd \uc774\ud6c4 \uc138\uacc4 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc591\uadf9 \uad6c\ub3c4\uac00 \ud574\uccb4\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uacb0\uad6d \ubb34\ub108\uc84c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc1e0\ud1f4\uc640 \ubd95\uad34\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uac15\ub300\uad6d \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc790\ub97c \ube7c\uc557\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ud654\ud574 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc740 1975\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1991\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc774 \ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uace0 \uc1e0\ud1f4\ud55c \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uba70, \uad6d\uc81c \uac15\ub300\uad6d \uad6c\uc870\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\u2014\ud2b9\ud788 \uc591\uadf9 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc885\uc2dd\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc758 \ub2e8\uadf9 \uccb4\uc81c \ub4f1\uc7a5\u2014\uac00 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud328\uad8c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uc885\uc2dd\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uacb0\uc815\uc801 \uc694\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1975<\/strong><strong>\ub144<\/strong> <strong>\uc774\ud6c4<\/strong> <strong>\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\uc6b0\uc138<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1975\ub144 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uc885\uc2dd\uc740 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc138\ub825 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ubd81\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ub0a8\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc815\ubcf5\uc740 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud06c\uace0 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad70\ub300\ub97c \uac16\ucd98, \ud1b5\uc77c\ub418\uace0 \uc804\ud22c\uc5d0 \ub2e8\ub828\ub41c \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 100\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \ub118\ub294 \uc0c1\ube44\uad70\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc544\uc138\uc548 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\ud22c\ub825\uc744 \ud569\uce5c \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4(Pike, 1981: 87). \ub610\ud55c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \uc18c\ub828\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ubb34\uae30 \uc774\uc804\uacfc \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc778\uad6c \ud1b5\uacc4\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \ud0dc\uad6d\uc744 \uc55e\uc9c0\ub974\uba70 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uad6d \ub300\ube44 \uc778\uad6c \uc6b0\uc704\ub97c \ud655\ubcf4\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uad70\uc0ac\ub825\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801\u00b7\uc9c0\ub9ac\uc801 \uc704\uce58\ub294 \uadf8 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc11c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub208\uc744 \ub3cc\ub9ac\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1975\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4 \ubc0f \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544\uc640\uc758 \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \ud1b5\ud569\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc804\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc9c0\ubc30\uad8c\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \ub610\ud55c \uace7 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uad8c\uc5d0 \ud3b8\uc785\ub418\uba74\uc11c, \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc911\uc2ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\ub294 \uafc8\uc744 \ud488\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uba54\ucf69\uac15 \uc720\uc5ed\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc740 \ube44\uc625\ud55c \ud1a0\uc591\uacfc \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uc778\uad6c\ub97c \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uace0 \uc138\ub825\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uba70 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5ed \uac15\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uac70\ub4ed\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc7a5\uc545\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc555\ub825\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc124 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \uc644\ucda9 \uc9c0\ub300\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ub154\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ubd80\uc0c1\uacfc \uc57c\ub9dd\uc740 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uad6d\ub4e4\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc704\uae30\uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2f1\uac00\ud3ec\ub974\uc758 \ub9ac\ucf74\uc720 \ucd1d\ub9ac\ub294 \u201c\ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc138\ub825\ub3c4 [\u2026] \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ubcf8\ud1a0\uc758 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc744 \ub9c9\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \uc6b0\ub824\ub97c \ud45c\uba85\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Emmers, 2005: 648\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\uc778\uc6a9). \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ub369\uc0e4\uc624\ud551\uc740 \u201c\uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc740 \uc138 \uac1c \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. [\u2026] \uc138 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uccab \ub2e8\uacc4\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\uba70, \uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \ud0dc\uad6d\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \uacbd\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Kissinger, 2011: 364\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\uc778\uc6a9).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ud655\uc7a5\uc8fc\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\uc2dc\ub300<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><strong>\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\ud655\uc7a5<\/strong> <strong>\uc2dc\ub3c4<\/strong><strong>, 1975~1985<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc740 \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uccb4\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1975\ub144 12\uc6d4, \ud30c\ud14c\ud2b8 \ub77c\uc624\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \uc218\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \ubcd1\ub825\uc744 \uc8fc\ub454\uc2dc\ucf1c \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4 \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \ubc30\ud6c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uba70 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Brown and Zasloff, 1986: 245\u2013246; Stuart-Fox, 1980: 204). \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud0dc\uad6d\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc0ac\ud558\uace0, \ud0dc\uad6d \ub0b4 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc18\uad70\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc9c4 \uae30\uc9c0\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Morris, 1999: 96\u201397). 1977\ub144, \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \ube44\uc5d4\ud2f0\uc548\uacfc 25\ub144 \uac04\uc758 \uc6b0\ud638\u00b7\ud611\ub825 \uc870\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc744 \uacf5\uc2dd\ud654\ud558\uace0 \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud1b5\uc81c\ub97c \uc2ec\ud654\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uad70\uc740 1973\ub144 \ud30c\ub9ac \ud3c9\ud654 \ud611\uc815\uc744 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uba70 \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc794\ub958\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ubbfc\uac04\uc778, \ub2f9 \uac04\ubd80, \uacbd\ucc30 \uc778\ub825\uc744 \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\uc2dc\ucf1c \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc640 \uc8fc\uc694 \uad6d\uac00\uae30\uad00 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(McBeth, 1979).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \ub300\uc0c1\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544\ub294 \uad6d\ud1a0 \uba74\uc801\uc774 \ud06c\uace0, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \uc548\ubcf4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc5d0 \uac15\ud55c \uc801\ub300\uac10\uc744 \ud488\uace0 \uc911\uad6d\uacfc \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc744 \ub9fa\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ud06c\uba54\ub974\ub8e8\uc8fc \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uad6d\uacbd \uc218\ube44\ub300\uc640 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucda9\ub3cc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uc5ec, \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 1978\ub144 12\uc6d4 25\uc77c \uc804\uba74 \uce68\uacf5\uc744 \ub2e8\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1979\ub144 1\uc6d4 \ucd08, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uad70\uc740 \ud3f4 \ud3ec\ud2b8 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc804\ubcf5\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uce5c\ud558\ub178\uc774 \uc815\uad8c\uc778 \uce84\ud478\uce58\uc544 \uc778\ubbfc\uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Morris, 1999: 105\u2013106). \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \uc815\ubcf5\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uad70\uc0ac \uc810\ub839\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uad00\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ud504\ub188\ud39c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud589\uc815, \uad70\uc0ac \uae30\ud68d, \uacbd\uc81c \uad6c\uc870 \uc870\uc815\uc744 \uac10\ub3c5\ud558\uc600\uace0(Clayton, 2000: 114\u2013115), \uc218\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc815\ucc29\ubbfc\uacfc \uae30\uc220\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud1b5\uce58 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uacfc \uaddc\uc728 \uc720\uc9c0\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ud30c\uacac\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uad70\uc740 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8\ub85c \uc794\ub958\ud558\uba70 \ud06c\uba54\ub974\ub8e8\uc8fc\uc640 \uae30\ud0c0 \ubc18\uad70 \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc800\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"kuL_t021SqpJ0DBTqCnNZA\" class=\"gie-single\" style=\"color: #a7a7a7; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal !important; border: none; display: inline-block;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/114003112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Getty\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0bd\uc785 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0<\/a><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'kuL_t021SqpJ0DBTqCnNZA',sig:'-lkJycCPTQr-6qfQy-33f2OiOHx05-vp0F52mUM0opc=',w:'594px',h:'394px',items:'114003112',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});<\/script><script src='\/\/embed-cdn.gettyimages.com\/widgets.js' charset='utf-8' async><\/script><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9176\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9176\" style=\"width: 996px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9176 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia.png 996w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-300x271.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-768x694.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-465x420.png 465w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-150x136.png 150w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-696x629.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9176\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1978\ub144 12\uc6d4~1979\ub144 1\uc6d4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \uce68\uacf5 \uc9c0\ub3c4<br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: Wikimedia Commons \/ \uc791\uc131\uc790: BorysMapping<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \ud655\ub300\ub294 \ud0dc\uad6d\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04 \ud0dc\uad6d \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud574\uc654\uace0, \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\ub97c \uc804\ucd08\uae30\uc9c0\ub85c \uc0bc\uc544 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud0dc\uad6d \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9\uc774 \uc810\ucc28 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc911\uad6d\uacfc\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uc790, \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 1980\ub144 \uc774\ub97c \ub300\uccb4\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ube44\uc5d4\ud2f0\uc548\uc5d0 \ubcf8\ubd80\ub97c \ub454 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub300\ub9ac\uad70 \u2018\ud30d\ub9c8\uc774\u2019\ub97c \ucc3d\uc124\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uac10\ub3c5 \ud558\uc5d0 \ub193\uc774\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(Kim, 1983: 52; Weatherbee, 1983: 113). 1980\ub144\ub300 \ub0b4\ub0b4 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uad70\uc740 \ud06c\uba54\ub974\ub8e8\uc8fc \ubc18\uad70\uc744 \uc18c\ud0d5\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uba85\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \ud0dc\uad6d \uc601\ud1a0\ub97c \ubc18\ubcf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce68\ubc94\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uad70\uc774 \ud0dc\uad6d \uad6d\uacbd \ub9c8\uc744\uc744 \ud3ec\uaca9\ud558\uace0 \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\uacbd \ucd08\uc18c\ub97c \uc810\ub839\ud558\uc790, \ubc29\ucf55 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ud558\ub178\uc774\uac00 \ud0dc\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uc57c\ub9dd\uc744 \ud488\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uad6d \uc804\ub7b5\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \ube14\ub85d\uc744 \uc790\uad6d \uc548\ubcf4\uc640 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc138\ub825 \uade0\ud615\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc704\ud611\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(Raymond, 2020: 18).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uc18c\ub828\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\uc9c0\uc9c0\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\uc911\uc694\uc131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ud589\ubcf4\ub294 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc804\ud3ed\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub828\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc744 \uc911\uad6d\uc744 \uacac\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud575\uc2ec \uc804\ub7b5 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub828 \uace0\ubb38\ub2e8\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc0f \uad70\uc0ac \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc219\uc774 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \ud06c\ub818\ub9b0\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \uc810\ub839\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc218\uc2ed\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uc6d0\uc870, \ubb34\uae30, \uc678\uad50\uc801 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Morris, 1999: 212; Simon, 1979: 197\u2013198, 221; Stuart-Fox, 1980: 204\u2013205).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1978\ub144 11\uc6d4, \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \uce68\uacf5\uc744 \ubd88\uacfc \uba87 \uc8fc \uc55e\ub450\uace0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uacfc \uc18c\ub828\uc740 \uc6b0\ud638\u00b7\ud611\ub825\uc870\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1\uc758 \ub3d9\ub9f9 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac \ubb3c\uc790 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc740 1978\ub144 \ub9d0 \uc815\uc810\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uc9c1\ud6c4 \uc18c\ub828\uc740 \uae5c\ub77c\uc778\ub9cc \ud574\uad70\uae30\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ub454\ud55c \uc18c\ub828 \uacf5\uad70\uacfc \ud574\uad70\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac\uc801 \uac1c\uc785\uc744 \uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uc5b5\uc9c0\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud558\ub178\uc774\uac00 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758 \uc804\ub7b5\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ec\uac74\uc744 \uc870\uc131\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubc18\uba74, \uc911\uad6d\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ud328\uad8c \uc7a5\uc545 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc704\ud611\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc774\uc9d5\uc740 \ud06c\uba54\ub974\ub8e8\uc8fc \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc911\uad6d \ud3ec\uc704 \uc804\ub7b5\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \uc911\uad6d\uc740 1979\ub144 \ucd08 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ubd81\ubd80\ub97c \uce68\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\uc815 \ubd80\ubd84 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc785\ud614\uc73c\ub098, \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub97c \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\uc218\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d\uc740 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud06c\uba54\ub974\ub8e8\uc8fc \ubc18\ub780\uad70\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uace0 \ud0dc\uad6d\uacfc\uc758 \ud611\ub825\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc744 \uace0\ub9bd\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc678\uad50\uc801 \ub178\ub825\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud798\uc744 \uc3df\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc81c\u00b7\uad70\uc0ac \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc774 1980\ub144\ub300 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc778 \ub178\uc120\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\uc801 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud328\uad8c\uc801 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc740 \uc678\ubd80 \uac15\ub300\uad6d\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\uc874\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9177\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9177\" style=\"width: 978px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9177 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"978\" height=\"1383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument.jpg 978w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-297x420.jpg 297w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-150x212.jpg 150w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-300x424.jpg 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-696x984.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 978px) 100vw, 978px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9177\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544-\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc6b0\ud638 \uae30\ub150\ube44\ub294 1979\ub144 \ud06c\uba54\ub974\ub8e8\uc8fc \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc804\ubcf5\uc744 \uae30\ub150\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac74\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: Wikimedia Commons\/ \uc800\uc790: Tung Duong<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uc18c\ub828<\/strong> <strong>\uad8c\ub825\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\ubd95\uad34\uc640<\/strong> <strong>\ud33d\ucc3d\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\uc885\ub9d0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc804\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2b9\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc9c0\uc18d \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \uc810\ub839\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uacbd\uc81c\ub97c \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\uac8c \uc1e0\ud1f4\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, \uc218\ub9cc \uba85\uc758 \ubcd1\ub825\uc774 \ubc18\ub780 \uc9c4\uc555\uacfc \uc810\ub839 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(Simon, 1979: 221). \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \ubc18\ub3c4\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc18c\uc694\ub41c \ube44\uc6a9\uc740 \uc77c\ubd80 \ud574\uc5d0\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 GDP\uc758 \uac70\uc758 3\ubd84\uc758 1\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\uac8c \uc800\ud574\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Pike, 1981: 87).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud0dc\uad6d\uacfc \uc544\uc138\uc548\uc740 \uc678\uad50\uc801\u2027\uad70\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc9d1\ud558\uc5ec \ud558\ub178\uc774\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \ud655\ub300\uc5d0 \uacf5\ub3d9 \ub300\uc751\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc2f1\uac00\ud3ec\ub974, \uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544, \ub9d0\ub808\uc774\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uaddc\ud0c4\ud558\uba70 \uc790\uad6d\uc758 \uc8fc\uad8c\uc774 \uc704\ud611\ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uacbd\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubc29\ucf55\uc740 \ubc18\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc9c0\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ud0dc\uad6d\uc740 \ud558\ub178\uc774\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uad70\uc0ac\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uacfc \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ud06c\uba54\ub974\ub8e8\uc8fc\ub294 \uadf8 \uc794\ud639\uc131\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ubc18\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc800\ud56d\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\uc81c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uacf5\uac10\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 \uc911\uad6d \ubc0f \uc544\uc138\uc548 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ud0dc\uad6d-\uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \uad6d\uacbd \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uad70\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \ubc18\uad70\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uace0\uac08\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \ubcd1\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\uae30\ub97c \uc800\ud558\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac12\ube44\uc2fc \uc7a5\uae30 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c\uc804\uc5d0 \ud718\ub9d0\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uacbd\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc81c\uc57d \uc694\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud53c\ud3d0\ud574\uc9c4 \uacbd\uc81c\ub294, \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc2dd\ub7c9\ub09c\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544\uc5d0 \uc2dd\ub7c9\uacfc \ubb3c\uc790\ub97c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc911 \ubd80\ub2f4\uc744 \uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud06c\uba54\ub974\ub8e8\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd08\ud1a0\ud654 \uc791\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc0dd\uacc4 \ubcf4\uc870\uac00 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud574\uc84c\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uacfc \ud6c4\uc6d0\uad6d\uc778 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc555\ubc15\uc744 \uac00\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Simon, 1979: 221).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud328\uad8c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uc885\uc2dd\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\uc740 \uc804\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud328\ubc30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uad6d\uc81c \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870 \ubcc0\ud654, \uc989 \uc591\uadf9 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \ubd95\uad34\uc600\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18, \uace0\ub974\ubc14\ucd08\ud504\uc758 \u2018\uc2e0\uc0ac\uace0\u2019(New Thinking)\ub85c \uc0c1\uc9d5\ub418\ub294 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc815\ucc45 \uc804\ud658\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ubaa8\uc2a4\ud06c\ubc14\ub294 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ud558\ub178\uc774\uc758 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud560 \uc758\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ub2a5\ub825\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Williams, 1991). \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc740 \uae09\uc18d\ud788 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uc600\uace0, 1991\ub144 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \ud574\uccb4\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uac15\ub300\uad6d \ud6c4\uc6d0\uad6d\uc744 \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \uace0\ub9bd \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc801\ub300\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ub0b4 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc544\uc138\uc548\uc740 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc751\uc9d1\ub825 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ube14\ub85d\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \uc790\uae08 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uc790 \uc810\ub839\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ube44\uc6a9\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ud63c\uc790\uc758 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\ub2f9\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \uc218\uc900\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uad70\uc740 1987~1988\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774 \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\uc218\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\uace0, 1989\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ucca0\uad70\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1991\ub144 \ud30c\ub9ac \ud3c9\ud654\ud611\uc815 \uccb4\uacb0\ub85c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc810\ub839\uc740 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uac15\ub300\uad6d \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uc0c1\uc2e4\uacfc \ub354\uc6b1 \ub2e8\uacb0\ub41c \uc8fc\ubcc0\uad6d\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2f8\uc778 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \uc678\uad50\uc801 \uc811\uadfc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc7ac\uc870\uc815\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1995\ub144, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \uc544\uc138\uc548(ASEAN)\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc628\uac74\ud558\uace0 \ud604\uc0c1 \uc720\uc9c0\uc801\uc778 \uc678\uad50 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \uc5f0\ubc29\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc801 \uad6c\uc0c1\uc740 \uacbd\uc81c \uac1c\ud601\uacfc \ub2e4\uc790\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ud611\ub825 \uae30\uc870\uc5d0 \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ub0b4\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4(Emmers, 2005: 648\u2013649). \ud0dc\uad6d\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubd80\uc0c1\uacfc \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac\uc801\u2027\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ud53c\ub85c\ub294 \uc591\uad6d\uc758 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801 \uc704\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc774 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc120\ub3c4 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ucd94\uaca9\uc790 \uc5ed\ud560\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub41c \ubc18\uba74, \ud0dc\uad6d\uc740 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ubcf8\ud1a0\uc758 \uc815\uce58\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc911\uc2ec\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uac15\ub300\uad6d<\/strong> <strong>\uad6c\uc870\uc640<\/strong> <strong>\uc57d\uc18c\uad6d<\/strong> <strong>\ud589\ub3d9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758 \uac15\ub300\uad6d\uc774\uc790 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \ud328\uad8c\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud588\ub2e4\uac00 \ubab0\ub77d\ud55c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \uc2e0\ud604\uc2e4\uc8fc\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uba85\uc81c\ub97c \uac15\ud558\uac8c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4(Waltz, 1979). \uc989, \uad6d\uc81c \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc57d\uc18c\uad6d \ud639\uc740 \uc911\uacac\uad6d\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uacfc \uc9c0\uc18d\uc131\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\uc9d3\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \ubcc0\uc218\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. 1975\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1985\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774, \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc678\uad50\uc801\u2027\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\u2027\uad70\uc0ac\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc740 \ud558\ub178\uc774\uac00 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uad6d\uc81c \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc591\uadf9 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc57d\ud654\ub418\uace0, \uc18c\ub828\uc774 \ubd95\uad34\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uac10\ub2f9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc740 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc57d\uc18c\uad6d\ub3c4 \ud655\uc7a5\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ud589\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd94\uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc21c\uac04, \uac00\uc7a5 \uacf5\uaca9\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc720\ub2a5\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5ed \uac15\ub300\uad6d\uc870\ucc28 \ud6c4\ud1f4\ub97c \uac15\uc694\ub2f9\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc808\uc81c\ub41c \uc678\uad50 \uc815\ucc45\uc740 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uad50\ud6c8\uc774\ub098 \uc774\ub150\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\uc758 \uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \ud544\uc5f0\uc774\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ud6c4\uc6d0\uad6d\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \ubab0\ub77d\uc740 \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc81c\uad6d\uc801 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud558\uace0, \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1 \uc720\uc9c0\ub97c \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uacb0\uc815\uc801 \uacc4\uae30\uc600\ub2e4. \uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc138\uacc4 \uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \uc7ac\ud3b8\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc758 \ub2e8\uadf9 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \ucd9c\ud604\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc9c0\ubc30 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uc885\uc2dd\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uadfc\ubcf8 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A Hegemon over Southeast Asia? The Rise and Fall of Vietnamese Ambition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This article traces the rise and collapse of Vietnam\u2019s expansionist and hegemonic ambitions between 1975 and 1991. Following its victory in the Vietnam War, Hanoi emerged as Southeast Asia\u2019s most powerful military actor. Backed by the Soviet Union, Vietnam projected power outward, subjugating Laos, invading Cambodia, and challenging Thailand\u2019s sovereignty. This expansionist phase reflected both local strategic imperatives and the enabling conditions of Cold War bipolarity. However, Vietnam\u2019s ambitions proved unsustainable. The economic burden of the war in Cambodia and the hostility of its neighbors imposed growing costs. Most crucially, the shift from the Cold War bipolarity to the U.S. \u2018unipolar moment\u2019 and the collapse of the Soviet Union deprived Hanoi of its sole great power patron, undermining the material foundation of its hegemonic project. By the early 1990s, Vietnam had withdrawn from Laos and Cambodia and shifted its focus toward regional reintegration and economic reform. The article argues that Vietnam\u2019s trajectory confirms a key insight of neorealist theory: the international system\u2019s structure and the presence or absence of great power backing condition the viability of minor powers\u2019 expansionist behavior. Without bipolarity and Soviet support, Vietnam\u2019s ambitions unraveled. The study contributes to broader debates on the structural constraints shaping the behavior of revisionist states.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Tags: <\/strong>Cambodian-Vietnamese War, neorealism, Soviet Union, Southeast Asia, territorial expansion, Vietnamese foreign policy<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Dylan Motin<\/strong> (Seoul National University)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> This article is based on Chapter 6 of my <em>Territorial Expansion and Great Power Behavior during the Cold War: A Theory of Armed Emergence<\/em> (Routledge, 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Between 1975 and 1991, Vietnam transformed from Southeast Asia\u2019s main expansionist and revisionist power to a quietly status quo-accepting state. After its victory over the United States in 1973 and the fall of Saigon in 1975, a newly unified Vietnam emerged as the dominant military force in Southeast Asia. Emboldened by Soviet power, Hanoi pursued an aggressive policy of expansion, hoping to translate its military strength into territorial conquest and regional hegemony. Why did Vietnam turn from a threatening juggernaut in the 1970s and 1980s to a status quoist power since the 1990s?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this piece, I argue that Vietnam\u2019s expansionist ambitions ultimately collapsed due to the shift in global polarity at the end of the Cold War. The decline and eventual collapse of the Soviet Union deprived Vietnam of its sole great power patron, forcing Hanoi to retreat from its expansionist tendencies and embrace a policy of regional reconciliation. This article explicates the rise and fall of Vietnamese ambition from 1975 to 1991, arguing that the shift in global great power structure \u2014 specifically, the end of bipolarity and the emergence of U.S. unipolarity \u2014 was the decisive factor that ended Vietnam\u2019s hegemonic project.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Vietnam Ascendant after 1975<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The end of the Vietnam War in 1975 radically altered the balance of power in Southeast Asia. North Vietnam\u2019s conquest of the South created a unified and battle-hardened state equipped with Southeast Asia\u2019s largest and most capable military. By 1980, Vietnam had a standing army of over one million troops, commanding more combat potential than all of ASEAN combined (Pike, 1981: 87). It also benefited from massive Soviet arms transfers and political support. Demographically, Vietnam had surpassed Thailand, adding to its military strength a superiority in population over its neighbors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vietnam\u2019s strategic geographic location encouraged it to look westward. After 1975, Vietnamese leaders sought political domination across the region, particularly through close integration with Laos and Cambodia. With Laos under Vietnamese influence and Cambodia soon to follow, Vietnam could dream of controlling Southeast Asia\u2019s core. This region, basically the Mekong River valley, is rich in fertile soil and amply populated. Commandeering it would grant Hanoi access to substantial resources, bolstering its power and making it more formidable. In addition, controlling the area would constitute a buffer zone against Chinese pressure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Unsurprisingly, neighbors were terrified of Vietnam\u2019s power and ambitions. Singapore\u2019s Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew feared that \u201cno combination of forces in Southeast Asia [\u2026] can stop the Vietnamese on the mainland of Asia\u201d (quoted in Emmers, 2005: 648). China\u2019s Deng Xiaoping warned that the coming \u201cIndochinese Federation is to include more than three states [\u2026] The three states is only the first step. Then Thailand is to be included\u201d (quoted in Kissinger, 2011: 364).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Expansionist Phase: Vietnam\u2019s Expansionist Bid, 1975\u20131985<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vietnam\u2019s ambition first manifested itself in Laos, where the Pathet Lao established a communist regime under Vietnamese tutelage in December 1975. Hanoi quickly consolidated its position, stationing tens of thousands of troops and effectively managing the Laotian government from behind the scenes (Brown and Zasloff, 1986: 245\u2013246; Stuart-Fox, 1980: 204). Laos became a forward base for projecting Vietnamese influence into Thailand and supporting Thai communist insurgents (Morris, 1999: 96\u201397). In 1977, Hanoi signed a 25-year Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with Vientiane, formalizing a strategic alliance and deepening Vietnam\u2019s control. Vietnamese troops remained in Laos in clear violation of the 1973 Paris Peace Accords. Furthermore, Hanoi settled Vietnamese civilians, party cadres, and police personnel in Laos, entrenching its influence throughout Laotian society and institutions (McBeth, 1979).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cambodia became the centerpiece of Hanoi\u2019s ambitions. It was a large country and key to the security of Vietnam\u2019s southern half. The Khmer Rouge regime, deeply antagonistic toward Vietnam and aligned with China, clashed regularly with Vietnamese border forces. In response, and with Soviet backing, Vietnam launched a full-scale invasion on 25 December 1978. By early January 1979, the Vietnamese army had toppled Pol Pot and installed the pro-Hanoi People\u2019s Republic of Kampuchea (Morris, 1999: 105\u2013106). The conquest of Cambodia was far-reaching. Vietnamese officials oversaw nearly all levels of administration, military planning, and economic restructuring in Phnom Penh (Clayton, 2000: 114\u2013115). Tens of thousands of Vietnamese settlers and technicians were deployed to Cambodia to assist in governance and ensure compliance. Vietnamese troops remained in large numbers, fighting a protracted insurgency by the Khmer Rouge and other resistance groups.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"kuL_t021SqpJ0DBTqCnNZA\" class=\"gie-single\" style=\"color: #a7a7a7; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal !important; border: none; display: inline-block;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gettyimages.com\/detail\/114003112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Embed from Getty Images<\/a><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'kuL_t021SqpJ0DBTqCnNZA',sig:'-lkJycCPTQr-6qfQy-33f2OiOHx05-vp0F52mUM0opc=',w:'594px',h:'394px',items:'114003112',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});<\/script><script src='\/\/embed-cdn.gettyimages.com\/widgets.js' charset='utf-8' async><\/script><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9176\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9176\" style=\"width: 996px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9176 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia.png 996w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-300x271.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-768x694.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-465x420.png 465w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-150x136.png 150w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/02_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia-696x629.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9176\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia, December 1978 \u2013 January 1979 Source: Wikimedia Commons \/ Author: BorysMapping<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vietnamese ambitions even extended to Thailand. Hanoi\u2019s long-standing support for the Communist Party of Thailand intensified through Laos, which served as a staging ground. When the Communist Party of Thailand eventually sided with China against Vietnam, Hanoi established a new proxy force, the Pak Mai, to replace it in 1980, based in Vientiane and under Vietnamese supervision (Kim, 1983: 52; Weatherbee, 1983: 113). Repeated Vietnamese incursions into Thai territory throughout the 1980s \u2014 ostensibly to chase Khmer Rouge rebels \u2014 further inflamed tensions. Vietnamese shelling of Thai border villages and brief occupations of frontier posts convinced Bangkok that Hanoi harbored ambitions toward Thailand. Naturally, Thai strategists viewed a Vietnamese-dominated Indochinese bloc as a grave threat to their own security and regional equilibrium (Raymond, 2020: 18).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Importance of Soviet Endorsement <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vietnam\u2019s expansionist behavior was possible only because of Soviet support. The USSR viewed Vietnam as a key partner to counter-flank China and expand its influence in Southeast Asia. Soviet advisors were deeply embedded in Vietnam\u2019s economic and military structures, and the Kremlin provided billions in aid, weaponry, and diplomatic cover for Vietnam\u2019s occupation of Cambodia (Morris, 1999: 212; Simon, 1979: 197\u2013198, 221; Stuart-Fox, 1980: 204\u2013205).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In November 1978, just weeks before the Cambodian invasion, Vietnam and the USSR signed a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, creating a de facto alliance. Soviet military deliveries peaked in late 1978, and the USSR began using the Cam Ranh Bay naval base shortly thereafter. Soviet air and naval forces stationed in Vietnam served to deter Chinese intervention and enabled Hanoi to focus on its expansionist campaign.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In contrast, China perceived Vietnam\u2019s hegemonic drive as a grave threat. Beijing had supported the Khmer Rouge and saw Vietnamese actions as part of a Soviet attempt to encircle China. In response, Beijing invaded northern Vietnam in early 1979, inflicting damage but failing to force Hanoi out of Cambodia. China also backed the Khmer Rouge insurgency and supported Thailand, while mounting a broader diplomatic campaign against Vietnam. Despite these efforts, Soviet economic and military aid gave Hanoi the wherewithal to maintain its course through most of the 1980s. Hence, Vietnam\u2019s hegemonic ambition remained precariously dependent on external support.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9177\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9177\" style=\"width: 978px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9177 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"978\" height=\"1383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument.jpg 978w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-297x420.jpg 297w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-150x212.jpg 150w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-300x424.jpg 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2050\/07\/03_Vietnam_Cambodia_Friendshiip_Monument-696x984.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 978px) 100vw, 978px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9177\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cambodia-Vietnam Friendship Monument was constructed to commemorate the toppling of the Khmer Rouge regime in 1979. Source: Wikimedia Commons \/ Author: Tung Duong<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Collapse of Soviet Power and the End of Expansion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Despite its battlefield victories, Vietnam\u2019s expansionism proved unsustainable. The occupation of Cambodia drained the Vietnamese economy, with tens of thousands of troops tied down in counterinsurgency and occupation efforts (Simon, 1979: 221). The cost of maintaining control over Indochina amounted to nearly a third of Vietnam\u2019s GDP in some years, crippling domestic development (Pike, 1981: 87).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thailand and ASEAN rallied diplomatically and militarily, turning Southeast Asia against Hanoi\u2019s rising clout. Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia all condemned Vietnamese behavior, fearing that their own sovereignty could be at risk. Bangkok became a hub for anti-Vietnamese activity, and Thailand received U.S. military assistance and intelligence to counter Hanoi\u2019s influence. The Khmer Rouge, despite its atrocities, gained international sympathy as a symbol of anti-Vietnamese resistance. The United States encouraged China and ASEAN countries to covertly aid its fighters along the Thai-Cambodian border. Vietnamese troops were drawn into a costly and prolonged guerrilla war that drained resources and demoralized their forces. Vietnam\u2019s domestic economy was another constraint. Already under strain from war, Hanoi now had to feed and stabilize a hostile Cambodia while dealing with internal shortages. The Khmer Rouge\u2019s scorched-earth tactics in their retreat forced Vietnam (and the Soviet Union behind it) to subsidize vast portions of Cambodian life, placing even greater pressure on a faltering economy (Simon, 1979: 221).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">What finally ended Vietnam\u2019s hegemonic project was not battlefield defeat but the collapse of bipolarity. The Soviet Union\u2019s gradual disengagement, beginning with Gorbachev\u2019s \u201cnew thinking\u201d in the mid-1980s, signaled that Moscow was no longer willing or able to subsidize Hanoi\u2019s ambitions (Williams, 1991). Soviet aid decreased dramatically, and with the USSR\u2019s implosion in 1991, Vietnam lost its only great power sponsor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This left Hanoi dangerously exposed. China remained hostile, the United States was ascendant, and ASEAN had begun integrating into a more cohesive bloc. Without Soviet protection and funding, the costs of occupation became intolerable. Vietnamese troops withdrew from Laos in 1987\u20131988 and began withdrawing from Cambodia in 1989. The 1991 Paris Peace Agreements marked the formal end of Vietnam\u2019s occupation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shorn of its great power backer and surrounded by increasingly powerful neighbors, Vietnam recalibrated its approach. It joined ASEAN in 1995 and adopted a more modest, status quo-oriented foreign policy. The dream of an Indochinese Federation gave way to economic reform and diplomatic engagement (Emmers, 2005: 648\u2013649). Thai economic resurgence and Vietnamese exhaustion ensured a reversal of roles: Vietnam would play catch-up, while Thailand became the political and economic engine of mainland Southeast Asia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Great Power Structure and Minor Power Behavior<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vietnam\u2019s rise and fall as an expansionist power and would-be hegemon in Southeast Asia confirms a core tenet of neorealist theory (Waltz, 1979): the structure of the international system heavily determines the viability of minor power expansion. Between 1975 and 1985, Soviet backing provided Hanoi with the material and diplomatic resources necessary to pursue its expansionist goals. But when the great power polarity changed, with the USSR weakening and ultimately disappearing, Vietnam could no longer afford or sustain its regional ambitions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vietnam\u2019s experience illustrates how ambitious minor powers can become predatory states under the right structural conditions. But once those conditions vanish, even the most aggressive and capable regional powers must retreat. Today, Vietnam\u2019s more restrained foreign policy is not simply the result of historical learning or ideological moderation but of structural necessity. The loss of the Soviet Union, its sole great power support, forced Hanoi to abandon empire and embrace the regional status quo. In the end, it was the transformation of the global order and the advent of the U.S.-led unipolar world that ended Vietnam\u2019s bid for regional domination.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;\uc800\uc790 \uc18c\uac1c&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ub51c\ub7f0 \ubaa8\ud2f4Dylan Mortin(dylanmotin@snu.ac.kr)<\/strong>\uc740<br \/>\n\uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c \ubc29\ubb38\ud559\uc790\uc774\uc790 \ud37c\uc2dc\ud53d\ud3ec\ub7fc(Pacific Forum)\uc758 \ucf08\ub9ac\ube44\uc0c1\uc784\uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc774\ub2e4. \ud130\ub108\ucee8\uc124\ud305(Terner Consulting) \uc18c\uc18d \uc804\ubb38\uac00\uc774\uc790 \ud55c\uad6d\ud575\uc548\ubcf4\uc804\ub7b5\ud3ec\ub7fc \ube44\uc0c1\uc784 \ud3a0\ub85c\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uacb8\uc784\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc800\uc11c\ub85c\ub294 <em>Territorial Expansion and Great Power Behavior during the Cold War: A Theory of Armed Emergence<\/em> (Routledge, 2025), <em>How Louis XIV Survived His Hegemonic Bid: The Lessons of the Sun King\u2019s War Termination<\/em> (Anthem Press, 2025), and <em>Bandwagoning in International Relations: China, Russia, and Their Neighbors<\/em> (Vernon Press, 2024) \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dylan Motin (dylanmotin@snu.ac.kr)<\/strong><br \/>\nis a Visiting Scholar at the Seoul National University Asia Center and Non-resident Kelly Fellow at the Pacific Forum. He is also an Expert at Terner Consulting and a Non-resident Fellow at the ROK Forum for Nuclear Strategy. He is the author of <em>Territorial Expansion and Great Power Behavior during the Cold War: A Theory of Armed Emergence<\/em> (Routledge, 2025), <em>How Louis XIV Survived His Hegemonic Bid: The Lessons of the Sun King\u2019s War Termination<\/em> (Anthem Press, 2025), and <em>Bandwagoning in International Relations: China, Russia, and Their Neighbors<\/em> (Vernon Press, 2024).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_5\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_6  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6,\r\n                .tdi_6 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_6,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_8  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_8{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brown, MacAlister, and Joseph J. Zasloff. 1986. <em>Apprentice Revolutionaries: The Communist Movement in Laos, 1930\u20131985<\/em>. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Clayton, Thomas. 2000. \u201cThe Shape of Hegemony: Vietnam in Cambodia, 1979\u20131989.\u201d <em>Education and Society,<\/em> 18 (2): 109\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7459\/es\/18.2.08.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Emmers, Ralf. 2005. \u201cRegional Hegemonies and the Exercise of Power in Southeast Asia: A Study of Indonesia and Vietnam.\u201d <em>Asian Survey,<\/em> 45 (4): 645\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/as.2005.45.4.645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kim, Shee Poon. 1983. \u201cInsurgency in Southeast Asia.\u201d <em>Problems of Communism,<\/em> 32 (3): 45\u201355.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kissinger, Henry. 2011. <em>On China<\/em>. New York: Allen Lane.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">McBeth, John. 1979. \u201cLaos: The Government under Guard.\u201d <em>Far Eastern Economic Review,<\/em> 105 (34): 10\u201311.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Morris, Stephen J. 1999. <em>Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War<\/em>. Stanford: Stanford University Press.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pike, Douglas. 1981. \u201cVietnam in 1980: The Gathering Storm?\u201d <em>Asian Survey,<\/em> 21 (1): 84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2643667.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Raymond, Gregory V. 2020. \u201cStrategic Culture and Thailand\u2019s Response to Vietnam\u2019s Occupation of Cambodia, 1979\u20131989: A Cold War Epilogue.\u201d <em>Journal of Cold War Studies,<\/em> 22 (1): 4\u201345. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/jcws_a_00924.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Simon, Sheldon W. 1979. \u201cKampuchea: Vietnam\u2019s \u2018Vietnam.\u2019\u201d <em>Current History,<\/em> 77 (452): 197\u2013198, 221\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/curh.1979.77.452.197.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Stuart-Fox, Martin. 1980. \u201cLaos: The Vietnamese Connection.\u201d <em>Southeast Asian Affairs,<\/em> 7: 191\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1355\/9789812306708-013.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Waltz, Kenneth N. 1979. <em>Theory of International Politics<\/em>. Boston: Addison-Wesley.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Weatherbee, Donald E. 1983. \u201cCommunist Revolutionary Violence in the ASEAN States: An Assessment of Current Strength and Strategies.\u201d <em>Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,<\/em> 1 (3): 109\u2013120.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Williams, Michael C. 1991. \u201cNew Soviet Policy toward Southeast Asia: Reorientation and Change.\u201d <em>Asian Survey,<\/em> 31 (4): 364\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2645390.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc774 \uae00\uc740 1975\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1991\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ud328\uad8c\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc758 \ubd80\uc0c1\uacfc \ubab0\ub77d\uc744 \ucd94\uc801\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud55c \uc774\ud6c4, \ud558\ub178\uc774\ub294 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad70\uc0ac \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc740 \ub77c\uc624\uc2a4\ub97c \uc815\ubcf5\ud558\uace0 \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544\ub97c \uce68\uacf5\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \ud0dc\uad6d\uc758 \uc8fc\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub300\uc678\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\ub825\uc744 \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud33d\ucc3d\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc804\uac1c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc801 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uacfc \ub0c9\uc804\uae30\uc758 \uc591\uadf9 \uccb4\uc81c\ub77c\ub294 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubc18\uc601\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8\uc758 \uc57c\ub9dd\uc740 \uc9c0\uc18d \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uce84\ubcf4\ub514\uc544 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ucd08\ub798\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubd80\ub2f4\uacfc 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