{"id":8364,"date":"2025-05-26T03:24:46","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T03:24:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snuac.snu.ac.kr\/aa\/?p=8364"},"modified":"2026-04-16T15:45:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T15:45:52","slug":"%ec%a4%91%ec%95%99%ec%95%84%ec%8b%9c%ec%95%84%ec%9d%98-%ec%8b%a0%ea%b6%8c%ec%9c%84%ec%a3%bc%ec%9d%98-%ec%a0%95%eb%8b%b9%ec%84%b1%ec%9d%84-%ec%99%b8%ec%a3%bc%ed%99%94%ed%95%98%eb%8b%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/?p=8364","title":{"rendered":"\uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc2e0\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758, \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc678\uc8fc\ud654\ud558\ub2e4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row vc_custom_1747203394333 tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* tdc_composer_block - inline css att *\/\n.vc_custom_1747203394333{margin-top: 20px !important;}\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2,\r\n                .tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_2,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_2:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_2:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_4  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span6\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_acf field_group=&#8221;99&#8243; field_from_99=&#8221;field_606aa6f1c30dd&#8221; align=&#8221;right&#8221; field_from_7590=&#8221;field_67bfe7636022b&#8221;]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_7\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_8  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_8,\r\n                .tdi_8 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_8,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_8 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_8:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_10  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_10{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2024\ub144 4\uc6d4 2\uc77c \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc988 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d \uc790\ud30c\ub85c\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 \u201c\uc678\uad6d \ub300\ud45c(Foreign Representatives)\u201d \ubc95\uc548\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc11c\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc95\uc740 \uc678\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uae08 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \ube44\uc601\ub9ac\ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud65c\ub3d9 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacfc\uc911\ud55c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \ubd80\uacfc\ud558\uace0, \ud65c\ub3d9 \uc790\uae08\uc758 \ucd9c\ucc98\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \uad6d\uc678\uc77c \uacbd\uc6b0, \u201c\uc678\uad6d \ub300\ud45c\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc744 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ucc29\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uc815\uce58\ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uc5b8\ub860, \uc778\uad8c, \ud658\uacbd, \uad50\uc721 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud0c4\uc555\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774\ub2e4. 2023\ub144 \uc774 \ubc95\uc548\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c \uad6d\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc81c\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c, \uc720\uc5d4 \uc778\uad8c\ucd5c\uace0\ub300\ud45c\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c, \uc720\ub7fd\uc548\ubcf4\ud611\ub825\uae30\uad6c(OSCE), \ubbf8\uad6d \uad6d\ubb34\ubd80, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 100\uac1c \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub2e8\uccb4\ub4f1\uc774 \ubc18\ub300\uc640 \uc6b0\ub824\uc758 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc3df\uc544\ub0c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacb0\uad6d \uad6d\ud68c \ub0b4\uc758 \ud070 \ubc18\ubc1c \uc5c6\uc774 \ud1b5\uacfc \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(CPJ, 2024\/04\/02). \uc774\ub85c\uc368 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud1b5\uc81c\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \ub3c4\ub798\ud588\uace0 \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ub610 \ud55c \uac78\uc74c \ub4a4\ub85c \ubb3c\ub7ec\ub098\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud1f4\ud589\uc758 \uc9d5\ud6c4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc790\ud30c\ub85c\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 2020\ub144 \ucde8\uc784 \uc9c1\ud6c4\ubd80\ud130 \uac10\uc9c0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc790\ud30c\ub85c\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 \u201c\ud5c8\uc704 \uc815\ubcf4\u201d \uc720\ud3ec \uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95\uc6d0 \uba85\ub839 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud589\uc815 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub85c \ubd88\ubc95 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8 \ucc28\ub2e8\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\uace0, \uad6d\uc601\ubc29\uc1a1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud589\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9 \uc911\uc778 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub3c5\ub9bd, \uc678\uc2e0 \uc5b8\ub860\ub4e4\uc744 \uc815\uc870\uc900\ud558\uc5ec \ud0c4\uc555\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 2024\ub144 \ucd08\uc5d0\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc5b8\ub860\ub9e4\uccb4\uc778 KLOOP\uc774 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub418\uc5c8\uace0(RFE\/RL, 2024\/02\/15), \uc774\ub97c \uc704\uc2dc\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub358 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5b8\ub860\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ud6a1\ub839, \ub9c8\uc57d \ub4f1\uc758 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uccb4\ud3ec\ub41c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4(CPJ, 2024\/04\/02).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud589\ubcf4\uac00 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2e4\ub9dd\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uac83\uc740 \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc774 \uadf8\ub098\ub9c8 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc12c\u2019\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\uba70 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc758 \ubcf4\ub8e8\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4, \uc6b0\uc988\ubca0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4, \ud22c\ub974\ud06c\uba54\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4, \ud0c0\uc9c0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed 5\uac1c\uad6d\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \ud5a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 30\ub144 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc9d1\uad8c\ud55c \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c4\ud55c \ub4a4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uad8c\ub825 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud6c4\uacc4\uc790\uc778 \ud1a0\uce74\uc608\ud504\ub294 2022\ub144 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc758 \ud3c9\ud654\uc720\uc9c0\uad70\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub3d9\uc6d0\ud574 \uac15\uacbd \uc9c4\uc555\ud558\uba70 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ud1b5\uce58\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4(Kudaibergenova &amp; Laruelle, 2022). \uc6b0\uc988\ubca0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \ubbf8\ub974\uc9c0\uc694\uc608\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \u2018\uac1c\ud601\uac00\u2019\ub85c \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0 \uba54\uc774\ud0b9\uc744 \ud574\uc654\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \ud5cc\ubc95 \uac1c\uc815\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uc784\uae30\ub97c \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud588\uace0, \uc57c\ub2f9 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc120\uac70\ub85c \uad6d\ud68c\ub97c \ucc44\uc6b0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud0c0\uc9c0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \ub77c\ud750\ubaac \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 1992\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uad8c\uc88c\ub97c \uc9c0\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud604\uc7ac \uc544\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc2b9\uacc4\ud558\ub294 \uc218\uc21c\uc744 \ubc1f\ub294 \uc911\uc774\ub2e4. \ud22c\ub974\ud06c\uba54\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \ucd08\uae30 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc778 \uc138\ub974\ub2e4\ub974 \ubca0\ub974\ub514\ubb34\ud558\uba54\ub3c4\ud504\uc5d0\uac8c \uad6d\uac00\uc218\ubc18\uc9c1\uc774 \uc138\uc2b5\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ubd81\ud55c\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uccb4\uc81c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 1991\ub144 \uc18c\ub828 \ud574\uccb4 \uc774\ud6c4 30\uc5ec \ub144\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 2\uc138\ub300 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc815\uad8c \uad50\uccb4\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ubc18\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uad73\uac74\ud788 \uc790\ub9ac\uc7a1\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8733\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8733\" style=\"width: 2560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8733\" src=\"https:\/\/snuac.snu.ac.kr\/aa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-1024x571.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-1536x856.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-2048x1142.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-753x420.jpg 753w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-696x388.jpg 696w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-1068x595.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/kz3-7334-2-scaled-2-1-1920x1070.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8733\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">2024\ub144 8\uc6d4 9\uc77c, \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc544\uc2a4\ud0c0\ub098\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc778 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 5\uac1c\uad6d \uc218\ubc18\ub4e4. \uc67c\ucabd\ubd80\ud130 \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc0ac\ub514\ub974 \uc790\ud30c\ub85c\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839, \ud0c0\uc9c0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc5d0\ubaa8\ub9d0\ub9ac \ub77c\ud750\ubaac \ub300\ud1b5\ub839, \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uce74\uc2ec-\uc694\ub9c8\ub974\ud2b8 \ud1a0\uce74\uc608\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839, \uc6b0\uc988\ubca0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc0e4\ube0c\uce74\ud2b8 \ubbf8\ub974\uc9c0\uc694\uc608\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839, \ud22c\ub974\ud06c\uba54\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc138\ub974\ub2e4\ub974 \ubca0\ub974\ub514\ubb34\ud558\uba54\ub3c4\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839. \ucd9c\ucc98: Official website of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (https:\/\/www.akorda.kz\/ru\/pod-predsedatelstvom-kasym-zhomarta-tokaeva-sostoyalas-vi-konsultativnaya-vstrecha-glav-gosudarstv-centralnoy-azii-971327)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc81c<\/b><b>3<\/b><b>\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \ubb3c\uacb0\uc758 \ub099\uc624\uc790<\/b><b>?<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc911\uc559\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 \uc774 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00 \ubcfc \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. 1991\ub144 \uc18c\ub828\uc758 \ubd95\uad34\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc600\ub358 \ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \uc18c\ub828 \ub0b4 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 15\uac1c \uc2e0\uc0dd \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \uccb4\uc81c\uc774\ud589\uc744 \ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4, \uc6b0\uc988\ubca0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4, \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4, \ud22c\ub974\ud06c\uba54\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4, \ud0c0\uc9c0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub2e4\uc12f \ub098\ub77c\uac00 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uad6d\uac00\ub85c \ucd9c\ubc94\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud5cc\ud305\ud134\uc774 \uc815\uc758\ud588\ub358 \u2018\uc81c3\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \ubb3c\uacb0\u2019\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ub3c5\ub9bd\uacfc \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 1\ub2f9 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c8\ud53c\ud558\uc5ec \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ud589\uacfc \uc790\uc720\uc2dc\uc7a5\uacbd\uc81c\ub85c\uc758 \uc804\ud658\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\uc911\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc804\ud658\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc81c3\uc758 \ubb3c\uacb0\uc774\ub77c \uc9c0\uce6d\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc774\ud589\uc740 \uacc4\ud68d\uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc720\ud654, \uc0ac\uc720\ud654\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uacbd\uc81c\ub85c \uc774\ud589\uc744 \ud588\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \ud588\ub358 \uc810, \ub354\uad70\ub2e4\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\ud658\uc774 \uc804\uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc81c\ud1b5\ud569 \ubc0f \ubb34\uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc758 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc810\uc9c4\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc21c\ucc28\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \uc774\ud589\uacfc\ub294 \uad6c\ubd84\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(Gallo, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud658\uacbd \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c \uc804\ud658\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c\uc640 \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc0c1\uc774\ud588\ub2e4. \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \uc778\uc811\ud55c \ubc1c\ud2b8 3\uad6d(\uc5d0\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub2c8\uc544, \ub77c\ud2b8\ube44\uc544, \ub9ac\ud22c\uc544\ub2c8\uc544)\uacfc \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc, \uccb4\ucf54 \ub4f1 \uc911\ub3d9\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\uc790\uc720\ud654\ub97c \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\uba70 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5f0\ud569(EU)\uacfc \ubd81\ub300\uc11c\uc591\uc870\uc57d\uae30\uad6c(NATO)\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud588\ub2e4. \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uccb4\uc81c \uc804\ud658 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4 \ub3c4\uc785\uacfc \uacbd\uc81c\uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ubcd1\ud589\ud558\uba70 \uc77c\uc815 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc9c4\uc804\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\uc73c\ub098, 2000\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18 \uc774\ud6c4 \ube14\ub77c\ub514\ubbf8\ub974 \ud478\ud2f4 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc9d1\uad8c\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \ud68c\uadc0\ud558\uba70 \ub2e4\uc2dc\uae08 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud55c\ud3b8 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 5\uac1c\uad6d\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uccb4\uc81c \uc804\ud658 \ucd08\uae30\ubd80\ud130 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uad6c\ucd95\uacfc \uc2dc\uc7a5\uacbd\uc81c\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ud589\uc774 \uc6d0\ub9cc\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 30\ub144\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc801\uc778 \uc804\ud658\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uacbd\uc81c \uc601\uc5ed\uc740 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uac16\ucd94\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uadf8 \ubc1c\uc804 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ud589 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc790\uc6d0 \uac15\uad6d\uc778 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uacfc \ud22c\ub974\ud06c\uba54\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 1\uc778\ub2f9 GDP\uac00 13,000\ub2ec\ub7ec \uc815\ub3c4\ub97c \uc6c3\ub3c4\ub294 \uc218\uc900\uc774\uba70, \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 3\uac1c\uad6d\uc740 1,000~3,000\ub2ec\ub7ec\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4. \uac01\uad6d\uc740 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc120\uac70\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uace0 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc801 \ud2c0\uc744 \ub9c8\ub828\ud558\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc548\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ucd08\uae30 \uc9d1\uad8c \uc138\ub825\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \uad8c\ub825 \uc9d1\uc911\uacfc \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc7a5\uae30 \uc9d1\uad8c \uccb4\uc81c, \ubc18\ub300 \uc138\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud0c4\uc555 \ub4f1\uc774 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uba70 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ub0b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc11d\uc720\uc640 \uac00\uc2a4\uc758 \uc790\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ud574\uc678\ub85c \ub098\uac04 \ub178\ub3d9 \uc778\ub825\uc774 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc624\ub294 \uc1a1\uae08 \uacbd\uc81c \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ucc44, \uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\ubc18\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \uc9c0\uccb4\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc18c\ub828 \ud574\uccb4 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c \uc804\ud658\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc57d 20\uac1c\uad6d\uc758 \ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc98\ud588\ub358 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, 2025\ub144 \ud604\uc7ac \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 5\uac1c\uad6d \ubaa8\ub450\ub294 \ub69c\ub837\ud55c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c \ud558\uc5d0 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc0b6\uc744 \ub2f5\ubcf4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c \uadc0\uacb0\uc758 \uacb0\uc815 \uc870\uac74<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uc65c \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc774\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub85c \uc218\ub834\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc744\uae4c? \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \uc774\ud589\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \ud559\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc131\uacf5\uc801 \uc815\ucc29\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\uc9d3\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc801\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c (1) \u201c<b>\uadfc\ub300\ud654 \uc774\ub860<\/b><b>(Modernization Theory)<\/b>\u201d\uc740 \uc77c\uc815 \uc218\uc900 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654, \uad50\uc721 \uc218\uc900 \ud5a5\uc0c1, \ub3c4\uc2dc\ud654 \ub4f1 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \uc131\uc219\ud55c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub0b4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub2e4. (2) \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc870\uac74\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \uaddc\ubc94\uacfc \uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c\u00a0<b>\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uacbd\ud5d8<\/b>\uc774\ub2e4. \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098\ub9c8 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801\uc778 \uaddc\ubc94, \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \ud655\ub9bd\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud588\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ud589\uc774 \uc21c\uc870\ub85c\uc6b8 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. (3) \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\ub97c \uc704\ud55c\u00a0<b>\uc678\ubd80\uc801 \uc720\uc778<\/b>\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294\uac00\uc758 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc774\ub2e4. \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \ubd80\uc7ac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc911\uc559\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc18c\ub828 \ud574\uccb4 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c \ubd95\uad34\ub97c \uacaa\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ud6c4 \uc790\uc6d0 \uc218\ucd9c\uc5d0 \uce58\uc911\ub41c \uacbd\uc81c \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ub2e4\ubcc0\ud654\ub098 \uc911\uc0b0\uce35 \ud615\uc131\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4(\uadfc\ub300\ud654\uc774\ub860). \ub610\ud55c, \ub3d9\uc720\ub7fd \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\ucc98\ub7fc \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc758\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\ub098 \uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\ub358 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uccb4\uc81c \uc804\ud658 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc774\ub97c \ubcf5\uc6d0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc720\ub9ac\ud588\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc18c\ube44\uc5d0\ud2b8\uc758 \uc720\uc0b0\uc778 \uc911\uc559\uc9d1\uad8c\uc801 \ud1b5\uce58\uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uad00\ub8cc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc720\uc0b0(Beach\u00e1in &amp; Kevlihan, 2017)\uc774 \uac15\ud558\uac8c \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4(\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uacbd\ud5d8). \ubc1c\ud2b8 3\uad6d\uc774\ub098, \uc911\ub3d9\ubd80 \uc720\ub7fd\uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 EU \uac00\uc785\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc678\ubd80\uc801 \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ucd09\uc9c4\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uba40\ub9ac \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, EU\ub098 NATO\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc81c\ub3c4\uad8c\uc758 \ub3d9\uae30 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \ubc30\uc81c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc911\uad6d\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub77c\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c, \uc548\ubcf4\uc801 \uc5f0\uacc4\uac00 \uac15\ud654\ub418\uba74\uc11c, \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc548\uc815\uacfc \uad6d\uac00 \uc8fc\uad8c \uac15\ud654\ub97c \uc55e\uc138\uc6b4 \uc815\uad8c \uc720\uc9c0 \ub17c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc6b0\uc138\ud558\uac8c \uc791\ub3d9\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4(\uc678\ubd80\uc801 \uc720\uc778).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\ud654\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uacbd\uc81c \uc218\uc900\uc774\ub098 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc720\uc0b0, \ud639\uc740 \uc678\ubd80\uc801 \uc720\uc778\uc758 \ubd80\uc7ac\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc77c\uae4c? \uaf2d \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \ubd80\uc7ac\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \ub610 \ud5a5\ud6c4 \ubbfc\uc8fc \uc815\uce58 \uccb4\uccb4\uc758 \uacf5\uace0\ud654\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ub0b8 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc870\uac74\ub4e4\uc740 \uccb4\uc81c \uc804\ud658 \ucd08\ubc18\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uc73c\ub098, \ud5a5\ud6c4 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uace0 \uc65c \uad73\uac74\ud574\uc9c0\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\ud654\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \uad6c\ucd95 \uacfc\uc815 \uc774\ud6c4, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uadf8 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\ub294\uc9c0, \uadf8 \uae30\uc81c\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0 \ud30c\uc545\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc2e0\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\u00a0<\/b><b>\u2013\u00a0<\/b><b>\uc678\uc5f0\ud654\ub41c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub3c4\uc785\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud588\ub358 \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c \uc5b5\uc555\uacfc \ud1b5\uc81c \uac15\ud654\ub294 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uacf5\ud788 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc6b4\uc601\ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4 \uc900\ub2e4\ub294 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc678\ud615\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \uc815\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\uac70\uac00 \uce58\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70, \uad6d\uac00 \uc218\ubc18\ub4e4\uc740 \u201c\uac1c\ud601\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\uce58 \uc544\ub798 \uad6d\uac00 \ubc1c\uc804\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c \uc548\uc815\uc744 \uc774\ub8f0 \uac83\uc744 \ucc9c\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4(Beachain et al., 2017). \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \uc591\ud0dc\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uad6d\uac00 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub2f4\ub860\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc7a5\uae30\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544, \uc911\uad6d, \ud130\ud0a4 \ub4f1 \ud604\ub300\uc758 \uc5ec\ud0c0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc591\uc0c1\uc740 \u2018\uacbd\uc7c1\uc801 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758(Competitive Authoritarianism)\u2019, \ud639\uc740 \u2018\uc8fc\uad8c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758(Sovereign Democracy)\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \uba85\uba85\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uac89\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud63c\ud569\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c\uc774\ub098 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ud604\ub300\uc758 \uc815\ubd80\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ucf1c \u201c\uc2e0\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\u201d\ub77c \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801\uc778 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uba85\ubd84\uc744 \uc55e\uc138\uc6b0\uba74\uc11c \uc774\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud568\uacfc \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc2e0\uc758 \uac70\ubc84\ub10c\uc2a4 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc801\uadf9 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \ubb34\ub825\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uad50\ubb18\ud558\uace0 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \ud1b5\uce58 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uace0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0ac\ud68c \ub0b4 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \ub300\ud56d \uc138\ub825\uc744 \uad6c\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3ec\uc12d, \ucc98\ubc8c, \uc5b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \uacac\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c, \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc5b8\ub860 \ubc0f \uc815\ub2f9 \uccb4\uacc4\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\uc7c1 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\ud68c \ub0b4 \ub300\uc548\uc138\ub825\uc744 \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\uc6d0\uacfc \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ub4e0\ub2e4. \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4, \uc6b0\uc988\ubca0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4, \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc774 \uc99d\ub300\ub418\ub294 \ub370 \ub530\ub978 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc18c\uc694\uac00 \ubc18\uc815\uad8c\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc88\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\ub97c \uc81c\uc555\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubb34\ub825\uc774 \ub3d9\uc6d0\ub418\uace0\ub294 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 1\u00b72\ucc28 \ud2a4\ub9bd\ud601\uba85\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub9ac\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub358 \uc0ac\ub840\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc2e0\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc120\ud0dd\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uac00, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud1b5\uce58 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294\uac00\ubcf4\ub2e4, \uadf8\ub7f0 \ud1b5\uce58 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \ube44\uc6a9\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uac10\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294\uac00\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubd10\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc774 \uc815\uad8c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uad8c\ub825\uacfc \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ub5a0\ubc1b\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ud1a0\ub300\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubd04\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc124\uba85\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc9d1\uad8c \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud1b5\uce58\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacc4\uc57d\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3e\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294, \uad6d\uc678\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uad6c\ucd95\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \ub3c5\uc810\ud558\ub294 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4, \ucd08\uad6d\uc801 \uc790\ubcf8, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc790\ubcf8\uc774 \uc18c\uc18d\ub41c \uc601\uad6d, \ubbf8\uad6d, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544, \uc911\uad6d \ub4f1 \uc8fc\uc694 \uac15\ub300\uad6d\ub4e4 \uac04\uc758 \uad50\ucc28\uc801 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574, \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub294 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud569\uc758, \uad6d\ub0b4 \uacbd\uc81c \uc218\uc900 \uc81c\uace0\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc678\ubd80 \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud1b5\uce58 \ube44\uc6a9\uc744 \uac10\ub2f9\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c\uc368 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \ubc18\ubc1c\uc740 \uc5b5\uc555, \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \uc815\uad8c\uc720\uc9c0\uc758 \ube44\uc6a9\uacfc \uad6d\uac00 \uc8fc\uad8c \ubc0f \ud1b5\uce58\uc758 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\u00b7\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc778\uc815\uc744 \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc804\uac00\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \ud655\ubcf4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \u2018\uc678\uc5f0\ud654\ub41c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131(externalized legitimacy)\u2019 \ud639\uc740 \u2018\uc815\uad8c \uc720\uc9c0\uc758 \uad6d\uc81c\ud654\u2019\ub85c \uac1c\ub150\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uace0\ud654\ub418\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud574\uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub840\ub2e4. 1990\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc9d1\uad8c\ud55c \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\ub294 \uc790\uad6d\uc758 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uc11d\uc720, \uac00\uc2a4, \ud76c\uadc0\uae08\uc18d \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \ucd08\uad6d\uc801 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uacfc \ubc00\uc811\ud55c \ud611\ub825 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud588\ub2e4. \uc5d1\uc2a8\ubaa8\ube4c, \uc250\ube0c\ub860, BP \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uad6d\uc801 \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc740 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \uc790\uc6d0 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ud22c\uc790\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud588\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc751\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uac00\ub85c \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \uc5b5\uc555\uc801\uc778 \uc7a5\uae30 \ud1b5\uce58\ub294 \uad6d\uc81c\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc815 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubb35\uc778 \ud639\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc790\uc6d0\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uac00\uc871\uacfc \uce21\uadfc \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub3c5\uc810\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uc774\uc775\uc740 \uad6d\uac00 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uc7ac\ud22c\uc790 \ub418\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc774\ub4e4 \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ud574\uc678 \uc740\ub2c9 \uc790\uc0b0\uacfc \uc0ac\uc801 \ucd95\uc7ac\ub85c \uc804\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ud639\uc774 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 \uccab\uc9f8 \ub538, \ub2e4\ub9ac\uac00 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ubc14\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \ucd5c\ub300 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uae30\uc5c5(Kharbar Agency)\uacfc \uc740\ud589(Nurbank) \uc9c0\ubd84\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ud574\uc678 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0\uacfc \uc790\uc0b0 \ubcf4\uc720 \ub0b4\uc5ed\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uad6d\uc81c \uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1d\ud600\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uad6d\uc81c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc758 \uc548\uc815\uc131\uacfc \uc11c\uad6c \ub2e4\uad6d\uc801 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uad6d\uc81c\uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ube44\ud310\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uc560\ubb3c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ubc14\ud0a4\uc608\ud504 \uc815\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uad00\ucc30\ub41c\ub2e4. 2005\ub144 1\ucc28 \u2018\ud2a4\ub9bd \ud601\uba85\u2019\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9d1\uad8c\ud55c \ubc14\ud0a4\uc608\ud504\ub294 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0 \uac1c\ud601\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ud45c\ubc29\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uace7 \uce5c\uc871 \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \ubd80\ud328 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uad6d\uac00 \uc790\uc0b0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc801 \uc720\uc6a9\uc744 \ubcf8\uaca9\ud654\ud588\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \u201c\uc655\uc790\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \ubcc4\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub838\ub358 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \ub9c9\uc2ec \ubc14\ud0a4\uc608\ud504\ub294 \uad6d\uc601 \uc804\ub825 \ubc0f \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc778\ud504\ub77c(MegaCom)\ub97c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uac1c\uc778 \uae30\uc5c5\ucc98\ub7fc \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \uc11c\ubc29 \ubc0f \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc790\ubcf8\uacfc\uc758 \ube44\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uac70\ub798\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc601\uad6d, \ubbf8\uad6d \ub4f1 \ud574\uc678\ub85c \ube7c\ub3cc\ub838\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \ub300\ub0b4\uc801 \uc9c0\uc9c0 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc678\ubd80 \uc790\ubcf8\uacfc\uc758 \uc720\ucc29\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud0c0\uc9c0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \ubcf4\uace0\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub77c\ud750\ubaac \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 \uc138\uacc4 4\uc704 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \ud0c0\uc9c0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc54c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub284 \uc81c\ub828\uc18c(TALCO)\uc758 \uc218\uc775 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uac00\uc871\uacfc \uce21\uadfc \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \ube44\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. TALCO\ub294 \uc218\ucd9c\uc785\uacfc \uc7ac\ubb34 \uad6c\uc870\uc0c1 BVI(British Virgin Islands)\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc138\uae08 \ub3c4\ud53c\ucc98\uc5d0 \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc911\uac04 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc790\uae08\uc744 \uc138\ud0c1\ud558\ub4ef \ubd84\uc0b0\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \uad6d\uc601 \uc0b0\uc5c5 \uc218\uc775\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uad6d\uac00 \uc7ac\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ud658\uc6d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uc720\uc9c0\uc640 \uc678\ud654 \uc790\uc0b0 \ucd95\uc801\uc758 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. TALCO\uc640 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub41c \uc11c\uad6c \uae30\uc5c5\uc774\ub098 \uae08\uc735 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\ub97c \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\ud558\ub294 \uac15\ub300\uad6d\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub294 \ud0c0\uc9c0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uacaa\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ucc29\ucde8\uc640 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uce68\ubb35\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub807\ub4ef \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58 \uc790\uc6d0\uacfc \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc758 \uc678\uc5f0\ud654\ub294 \ucd08\uad6d\uac00\uc790\ubcf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\uc775\ucd94\uad6c\uc640 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uac00 \uc9c0\uc815\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc640 \uc911\uad6d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac15\ub300\uad6d \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud574 \uc788\uace0, \uc544\ud504\uac00\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4, \ud30c\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uacfc \ub9de\ub2ff\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc911\ub3d9\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \uad50\ub450\ubcf4 \uc9c0\uc810\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ucd08\uac15\ub300\uad6d\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \ucca8\uc608\ud558\uac8c \uad50\ucc28\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc810\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uae30\uc778\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uac15\ub300\uad6d\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc548\uc815\uacfc \uc548\ubcf4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uac15\ub300\uad6d\ub4e4\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ud3b8\uc911\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. 2000\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc911\uad6d\uc740 \uc77c\ub300\uc77c\ub85c(BRI, Belt and Road Initiative) \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc778\ud504\ub77c \uac74\uc124, \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc218\ucd9c\uc785, \uae08\uc735 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud575\uc2ec \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uad70\uc0ac\u00b7\uc548\ubcf4 \ud611\ub825\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 20\ub144\uac04\uc758 \uc544\ud504\uac04 \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc8fc\uc694 \uad70\uc0ac \uae30\uc9c0\uc774\uc790 \ubcf4\uae09\ub85c\ub85c\uc368 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ud611\uc870\uac00 \uc808\uc2e4\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ud5a5\ud55c \uc678\ubd80 \uc555\ub825\uc774\ub098 \uc778\uc13c\ud2f0\ube0c \uc5c6\uc774\ub3c4 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ud1b5\uce58\ub97c \uc9c0\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ec\uac74\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc911\uad6d\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ubaa8\ub450 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc815\ubcf4\ud1b5\uc81c \uae30\uc220, \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c \ud1b5\uc81c \ubc29\ubc95, \ubc18\uc11c\ubc29 \ub2f4\ub860 \ub4f1\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub4e4 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \ubc00\uc811\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uc81c\ub3c4\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc6d0\uacfc \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\ub4e4\uc740 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub098 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294, \uc790\uc6d0\uc758 \ub3c5\uc810\uacfc \uc774\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc678\uad6d \uc790\ubcf8\uacfc\uc758 \uad50\ud658 \uad00\uacc4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac15\ub300\uad6d\ub4e4\uc758 \uc554\ubb35\uc801, \uc9c1\uc811\uc801 \uc815\uad8c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc0dd\uc874\uc744 \ub3c4\ubaa8\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ubd80\ud328 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c, \uccb4\uc81c \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc678\ubd80 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc9c0\ud0f1\ub418\ub294 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \u2018\uc815\uad8c \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\u2019\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud0c4\ub825\uc131(Resilience)\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uc694\uc778 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u201c<\/b><b>\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801<\/b><b>\u201d\u00a0<\/b><b>\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc120\ud0dd<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc2e0\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uacf5\uace0\ud788 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc9c0\uc5ed \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud1b5\uce58 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uace0 \ubaa8\ubc29\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \u2018\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc8fc\uc758\u2019(authoritarian regionalism)\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud574 \ub098\uac00\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uac1c\ubcc4 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4, \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300, \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc774 \ucd5c\uadfc \ud1b5\uacfc\uc2dc\ud0a8 \u201c\uc678\uad6d \ub300\ud45c(Foreign Representatives)\u201d \ubc95\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \u201c\uc678\uad6d \uc5d0\uc774\uc804\ud2b8(Foreign Agents)\u201d \ubc95\uc744 \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \uc0bc\uc740 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub840\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \ubc95 \uc81c\ub3c4\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc815\ub2f9\ud654 \ub17c\ub9ac\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc774\ub4e4 \uad6d\uac00 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uc720\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810(Lewis, 2021)\uc740, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc81c\ub3c4 \uc218\uc785\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ub2f4\ub860\uacfc \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc758 \u2018\uc9c0\uc5ed\ud654\u2019\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc911\uad6d\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc2ec\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d\uc740 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uac10\uc2dc \uae30\uc220, \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uae30\ubc18\uc2dc\uc124, \uc548\uba74 \uc778\uc2dd \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ub4f1 \uc815\ubcf4 \ud1b5\uc81c \uc778\ud504\ub77c\ub97c \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \uc218\ucd9c\ud574 \uc654\uace0, \uc774\ub4e4 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud1b5\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc2ec\ud608\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uacfc \uc6b0\uc988\ubca0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \uacf5\uacf5 \uc548\uc804\uacfc \ud14c\ub7ec \ubc29\uc9c0\ub97c \uba85\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uc2dc \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ub3c4\uc2dc \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5 \ubc30\uce58\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uac10\uc2dc\uc640 \uc815\ubcf4 \ud1b5\uc81c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad6d\uac00 \uc7a5\uc545\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc7a5\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \ubc95\uc801 \ubaa8\ub378\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc9c0\uc5ed \ub0b4 \uc548\ubcf4\ud611\ub825\uae30\uad6c(CSTO, SCO)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\uba70, \uc815\uad8c \uc720\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc678\uad50\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc591\uc0c1\uc740 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ub0b4 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \u2018\ud655\uc0b0(diffusion)\u2019\uc758 \uc591\uc0c1\uacfc\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uada4\ub97c \uac19\uc774 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989, \uac01\uad6d\uc758 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c\uc758 \uc0dd\uc874 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ub2f5\uc2b5\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \ub0b4\ubd80 \ubc18\ub300 \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc81c\uc555, \uc120\uac70 \uad00\ub9ac \ubc29\uc2dd, \uc5b8\ub860 \ud1b5\uc81c, \uc678\uad50\uc801 \uc904\ud0c0\uae30 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uad50\ud658\ud558\ub294 \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc0c1\ud638 \ud559\uc2b5\uc740 \ube44\uacf5\uc2dd\uc801 \ud68c\ub2f4, \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uac04 \uc815\uc0c1\ud68c\ub2f4, \ub610\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ud3ec\ub7fc \ub4f1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd09\uc9c4\ub418\uba70, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \u2018\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc801 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud654\u2019\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4(Buranelli, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uacb0\uad6d \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uacf5\uace0\ud654\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc120\ud0dd\uc774\ub098 \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud750\ub984\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294, \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc815\uad8c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ud6c4\ubd80\ud130 \uc704\uce58\ud574\uc788\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc2dc\uacf5\uac04\uc774 \ub9de\ubb3c\ub824 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub0b8 \uc138\uacc4\uc0ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\uc758 \uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\ub294 \ud55c, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc774\ud589\uc740 \uc27d\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub294 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc5ed \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\ub098\ub9c8 \ubcc0\ud654\uc758 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc5ff\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc870\uc9d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300, \ud0a4\ub974\uae30\uc2a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ucc28\ub840\uc758 \uc815\uad8c \uad50\uccb4\ub97c \uacbd\ud5d8\ud558\uba70 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\ub098\ub9c8 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud574 \uc654\uace0, \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucd5c\uadfc \uba87 \ub144 \uc0ac\uc774 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc2dc\ubbfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uccad\ub144 \uc138\ub300\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc810\ucc28 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubcc0\ud654\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \ubbf8\uc57d\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uade0\uc5f4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc2dc\uc791\uc810\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uad6c\uc870\uc801\uc778 \uc811\uadfc\u2014\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uad6d\uac00 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc790\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud22c\uba85\ud55c \uc18c\uc720 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc601, \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\uad6d\uc801 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc131 \uac15\ud654, \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc810\uc9c4\uc801 \ud68c\ubcf5, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc678\ubd80 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc640\uc758 \uc5f0\uacc4\u2014\ub294 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uac00 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc124 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_12  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_12{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_12,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_12 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_12 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_14  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_14{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_14 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_14 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_14 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;\uc800\uc790\uc18c\uac1c&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uae40\uc120\ud76c<\/b><b>(<\/b><a href=\"mailto:shkim_politics_rus@snu.ac.kr\"><u><b>shkim_politics_rus@snu.ac.kr<\/b><\/u><\/a><b>)<\/b>\uc740<br \/>\n\uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc13c\ud130 \uc120\uc784\uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6cc\uc2f1\ud134\ub300\ud559\uad50(the University of Washington)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc5ed\ud559 \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud558\uace0, Columbia University, Harriman Institute\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc15\uc0ac\ud6c4\uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0, William &amp; Mary\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uce58\ud559\uacfc \ucd08\ube59\uad50\uc218\ub85c \uc7ac\uc9c1\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub85c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c \ubc0f \uc720\ub77c\uc2dc\uc544 &amp; \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc815\uce58 \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\uc81c, \ub7ec-\uc6b0 \uc804\uc7c1 \ub09c\ubbfc, \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uadf9\uc6b0 \uc815\uce58 \ubd84\uc57c \uad00\ub828 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ucd9c\ud310\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_16  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_16{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_16,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_16 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_16 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_18  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_18{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_18 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_18 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_18 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1748490195406{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-right: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-color: #f2f2f2 !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beach\u00e1in, D., &amp; Kevlihan, R. 2017. \u201cMenus of Manipulation: Authoritarian Continuities in Central Asian Elections.\u201d <i>Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization,\u00a0<\/i>25(4), 407-434.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Buranelli, F. C. 2020. \u201cAuthoritarianism as an Institution? The Case of Central Asia.\u201d\u00a0<i>International Studies Quarterly<\/i>, 64(4), 1005\u20131016.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">CPJ(Committee to Protect Journalists). 2024. \u201cKyrgyzstan president signs Russian-style \u2018foreign agents\u2019 law.\u201d CPJ (April 2)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cpj.org\/2024\/04\/kyrgyzstan-president-signs-russian-style-foreign-agents-law\/\"><u>https:\/\/cpj.org\/2024\/04\/kyrgyzstan-president-signs-russian-style-foreign-agents-law\/<\/u><\/a>\u00a0(\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2025.05.01.).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cooley, A. &amp; Heathershaw, J. 2017.\u00a0<i>Dictators without borders: Power and money in Central Asia<\/i>. Yale University Press.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gallo, E. 2020. \u201cGlobalisation, Authoritarianism and the Post-Soviet State in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.\u201d\u00a0<i>Europe-Asia Studies<\/i>, 73(2), 340\u2013363.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kudaibergenova, D. T., &amp; Laruelle, M. 2022. \u201cMaking sense of the January 2022 protests in Kazakhstan: failing legitimacy, culture of protests, and elite readjustments.\u201d\u00a0<i>Post Soviet Affairs,<\/i>\u00a038(6), 441\u2013459.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lewis, D. G. 2021. \u201cVarieties of authoritarianism in Central Asia.\u201d in Isaacs, R., &amp; Marat, E., ed.\u00a0<i>Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Central Asia<\/i>, Routledge.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rickleton, C. 2024. \u201cClosing The Kloop: Kyrgyzstan\u2019s Media Crackdown Becomes Farcical As Leading Journalism Foundation Shuttered.\u201d RFE\/RL (February 15)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/krygzystan-media-crackdown-kloop-farcical-foundation-shuttered\/32821355.html\"><u>https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/krygzystan-media-crackdown-kloop-farcical-foundation-shuttered\/32821355.html<\/u><\/a>, (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2025.05.01.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_20  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_20{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_20,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_20 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_20 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_22  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - 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