{"id":6305,"date":"2023-06-15T13:41:20","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T04:41:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=6305"},"modified":"2026-03-24T07:42:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:42:19","slug":"%eb%8b%a4%ec%8b%9c-%eb%96%a0%ec%98%a4%eb%a5%b4%eb%8a%94-%ec%a4%91%eb%8f%99%ec%9d%98-%ec%8a%a4%ed%8a%b8%eb%a1%b1%eb%a7%a8-%ec%a4%91%eb%8f%99-%ea%b6%8c%ec%9c%84%ec%a3%bc%ec%9d%98-%ec%a0%95%ec%b9%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/?p=6305","title":{"rendered":"\ub2e4\uc2dc \ub5a0\uc624\ub974\ub294 \uc911\ub3d9\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8: \uc911\ub3d9 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \uc7ac\ubd80\uc0c1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\uc548\uc18c\uc5f0<\/strong>(\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c)<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc774 \uac00\uc838\uc628 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc5b4\ub460<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2010\ub144 \ub9d0 \uc911\ub3d9 \ubc0f \ubd81\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74(Middle East and North Africa, \uc774\ud558 \uba54\ub098) \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \ud729\uc4f4 \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704 \ubb3c\uacb0, \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc740 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc62c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \ub4dc\ub192\uc778 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \uc21c\uac04\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc2dc\uc704\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub358 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ube44\ucc38\ud55c \ucd5c\ud6c4\ub97c \ub9de\uc774\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 30\ub144\uac04 \uc7a5\uae30 \ub3c5\uc7ac\ub97c \ud558\uc600\ub358 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc758 \ubb34\ubc14\ub77c\ud06c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc9c1\uc5d0 \ubb3c\ub7ec\ub098 \uc9c0\ub09c 2020\ub144 \uc9c0\ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 42\ub144\uac04 \ub9ac\ube44\uc544\ub97c \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\uba70 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc758\uc0c1\uacfc \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\ub54c \uc11c\ubc29\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ub9dd\ub098\ub2c8 \uc18c\ub9ac\ub3c4 \ub4e3\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c \uce74\ub2e4\ud53c \ucd5c\uace0\uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub294 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \ud53c\ud574 \ub3c4\uc8fc\ud558\ub358 \uc911 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad70\uc758 \ubc1c\ud3ec\ub85c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\ub294 \ube44\uadf9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc0dd\uc744 \ub9c8\uac10\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc16\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ucca0\uad8c \uc815\uce58\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub358 \uc608\uba58\uc758 \uc0b4\ub808\ud750 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839, \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0\uc758 \ubca4\uc54c\ub9ac \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\ub3c4 \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704\ub85c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc9c1\uc744 \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \ucd5c\uadfc \ubaa8\ub450 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uba70 \ud55c \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \ud638\ub839\ud588\ub358 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ube44\ucc38\ud55c \ucd5c\ud6c4\ub97c \ub9de\uc774\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud560 \uac83\ub9cc \uac19\uc558\ub358 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \ub05d\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9ac\uba74\uc11c \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uace0 \uacf5\uc815\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc124 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc774 \uc2f9\ud2b8\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud76c\ub9dd\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc740 \ucc30\ub098\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb3c\ub7ec\ub09c \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub294 \ub354 \uac15\ud55c \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\uac00 \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uaff0\ucc3c\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790 \ud1f4\ucd9c \ud6c4 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uacf5\ubc31 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc815\uce58 \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub09c\ub9bd\ud558\uba70 \ub0b4\uc804\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ucd5c\uc545\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \ub728\uac70\uc6e0\ub358 \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704 \ubb3c\uacb0\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uae4c\uc2a4\ub85c \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc740 \uac78\ud504\uc758 \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \uc0b0\uc720\uad6d \uc655\uc815 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\ubcc0 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubab0\ub77d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \ucde8\uc57d\uc131\uc744 \uae68\ub2eb\uace0 \ud55c\uce35 \ub354 \uace0\uc090\ub97c \ub2f9\uaca8 \uc815\uad8c \uac15\ud654\uc5d0 \ub098\uc11c\uba70 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc655\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uac70\ub4ed\ub098\uace0\uc790 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \uaca8\uc6b8\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub294 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ub354\uc6b1 \ubd88\ud22c\uba85\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58 <\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc774\ud6c4 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \uccb4\uc81c\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ucc99\ub3c4\uc778 \ud504\ub9ac\ub364\ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4(Freedom House)\ub098 EIU \uc9c0\ud45c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0, \ubaa8\ub85c\ucf54, \ub808\ubc14\ub17c \uc815\ub3c4\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00? \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub780 \ud754\ud788 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uc815\uce58\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub294\ub370 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c \ubc18\ub300\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub3c5\uc7ac\ub77c \ud558\uba74 \ud55c \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uac00 \uc7a5\uae30\uac04 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud55c \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uc9c0\uce6d\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub3c5\uc7ac\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc218\uc2dd\uc5b4\ucc98\ub7fc \ub530\ub77c\uc624\ub294 \uc7a5\uae30 \ub3c5\uc7ac\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub4ef\uc774 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \uad50\uccb4\ub418\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ud55c \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790 \ud639\uc740 \ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \uad50\uccb4 \uc5c6\uc774 \uba87\uc2ed \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \ub3c5\uc7ac \ud639\uc740 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989, \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c \ud639\uc740 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uad50\uccb4\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc815\uad8c \ud639\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uac00 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc800\ud56d \uc138\ub825\uc744 \uac15\uc555\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc2ec\ud310\ud558\uace0 \ube44\ud310\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc57c\ub2f9\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc120\uac70\ub77c\ub294 \ubc95\uc801 \uc81c\ub3c4\uac00 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2ec\ud310\ud558\uace0 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc720\uad8c\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \uc9c0\uac8c \ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\ubc8c\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub3c4\uad6c\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ud55c \uba85\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uac00 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc9d1\uad8c\ud558\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\uac04\ub2e4. \ube44\ub85d \uc120\uac70\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4 \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc120\uac70\ub294 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc7a5\uce58\uc77c \ubfd0 \uc815\uce58\ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uacfc \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc0dd\uc874\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uac1c\ubc29<\/b><b>, <\/b><b>\uad81\uadf9\uc801 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c \uc720\uc9c0<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \uc815\uad8c\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ub294 \uc57c\ub2f9 \uc138\ub825\uacfc \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \ud070 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uba74 \uc815\uad8c \uad50\uccb4 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc9d1\uad8c\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc57c\ub2f9\uc774\ub098 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\uc131(opacity)\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4(Schedler 2013). \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \ub298 \ubbf8\ub798 \uc608\uce21 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc9d1\uad8c\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud569\ubc95\uc131 \ub9c8\ub828, \uc704\ud611\uc774 \ub420 \uc694\uc778\uc744 \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\uace0 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc744 \ub2ec\ub798\ub294 \uc720\ud654 \uc815\ucc45, \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud2c0\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4(Gerschewski 2013). \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uae30\ud2c0\uc744 \uc801\uc808\ud788 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0\uc11c \ud63c\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uad8c \uc0dd\uc874\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6306\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1073\" height=\"438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2.png 1073w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2-1024x418.png 1024w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2-768x313.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2-669x272.png 669w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2-200x82.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2-400x163.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2-600x245.png 600w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image01-2-800x327.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1073px) 100vw, 1073px\" \/>\uc989, \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud750\ub984\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uadf8 \ud615\ud0dc\ub098 \uc815\uce58 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uce74\uba5c\ub808\uc628\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcc0\ud654\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uad6d\uc81c \uc9c8\uc11c, \uc8fc\ubcc0 \uc815\uc138, \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc0c1\ud669\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc870\uae08\uc529 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\uafd4 \uc654\ub2e4. 1990\ub144\ub300 \ub3d9\uad6c\uad8c \uacf5\uc0b0 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ubab0\ub77d, \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \ubb3c\uacb0 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc874 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c\uc758 \uc804\ud658\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc555\ubc15\uc744 \ub300\ub0b4\uc678\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uc790 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc678\uc801 \uc555\ub825\uc744 \uacac\ub514\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc120\uac70\ub098 \uc815\ub2f9 \uc124\ub9bd \ub4f1\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uba74\uc11c \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad6d\uc81c \uc815\uc138\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad6d\ub0b4 \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\uac00 \ucee4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc720\ud654 \uc815\ucc45\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\uc870\ub97c \ud0dd\ud558\uc5ec \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc77c\ubd80 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uace0 \ub300\uc911\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uce58 \ucc38\uc5ec \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uae08 \uc5f4\uc5b4\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub300\uc911\uc758 \ubd88\ub9cc\uacfc \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uc555\ubc15\uc744 \uc644\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc784\uc2dc\ubc29\ud3b8\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\ub294 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\ub098 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0 \ub4f1 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \uacbd\ud5d8\ud558\uace0 \uae30\uc874\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ubb34\ub108\uc9c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc815\uad8c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc740 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uad8c \uc720\uc9c0\ub294 \uac74\uc7ac\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uac89\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ucc28\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc548\uc815\uacfc \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uad6d\ub0b4 \ubc0f \uad6d\uc81c\uc0ac\ud68c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc1b\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \uc678\uc591\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ucf1c \uacbd\uc7c1\uc801 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758(Competitive authoritarianism) \ud639\uc740 \ud558\uc774\ube0c\ub9ac\ub4dc(hybrid) \uc815\uad8c\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Levitsky, 2002). \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud558\uc774\ube0c\ub9ac\ub4dc \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ucde8\uc57d\ud574\uc84c\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6307\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6307\" style=\"width: 755px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6307 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image02-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"755\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image02-2.png 755w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image02-2-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image02-2-200x122.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image02-2-400x244.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image02-2-600x366.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6307\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\ub0c9\uc804 \uc885\uc2dd \uc774\ud6c4 \uc120\uac70 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc99d\uac00 (Schedler, 2013)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc989 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub098 \uc57c\uad8c \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd88\ub9cc\uc774 \uace0\uc870\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd88\ub9cc\uc774 \uace0\uc870\ub418\uc790 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubd88\ub9cc\uc744 \ucd95\uc18c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub098 \uc57c\uad8c \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud639\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc778 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ub300\uc911\uc758 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc744 \uac00\uc911\ud560 \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2010\ub144 \ub9d0 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc758 \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704\ub3c4 \ubb34\ubc14\ub77c\ud06c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 2011\ub144 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc544\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \ubb3c\ub824\uc8fc\ub824 \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uacc4\ud68d\uc774 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c \ucd09\ubc1c\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc120\uac70\uc640 \uc815\ub2f9\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud5c8\uc6b8\ubfd0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc885\uad6d\uc5d0\ub294 \ub300\uc911\ub4e4\uc774 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubd80\ud328\ub97c \uae68\ub2eb\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc545\uc218\uac00 \ub41c \uc148\uc774\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc120\uac70\ub97c \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc628 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uacf5\ud654\uc815 \uad6d\uac00\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc655\uc815 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc548\uc815\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788, \ucfe0\uc6e8\uc774\ud2b8, \ubc14\ub808\uc778, \uc694\ub974\ub2e8, \ubaa8\ub85c\ucf54 \uac19\uc740 \uc655\uc815 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uad6d\ud68c\uc758\uc6d0 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc744 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc6b0\uace0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc811\ubaa9\ud55c \uc11c\uad6c \uc655\uc815 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc785\ud5cc\uad70\uc8fc\uc81c \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \ud45c\ubc29\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uad6d\ud68c\uc758\uc6d0\uc744 \uc120\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uc655\uc815 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uac70\ub294 \uad6d\uc655\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ube44\ub09c\uc758 \ud654\uc0b4\uc744 \uad6d\ud68c\ub85c \ub3cc\ub9ac\ub294 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc5b4\ub9c9\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2010\ub144 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \ub2f9\uc2dc, \ubaa8\ub85c\ucf54\ub3c4 \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubd80\ubd84\uc801 \uc815\uce58 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ub2e4\uc218\ub2f9\uc774 \uad50\uccb4\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc655\uc815\uc740 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\uac00 \ubb3c\ub7ec\ub09c \uc790\ub9ac<\/b><b>, <\/b><b>\ub354 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5 <\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc774\ud6c4, \ub9ce\uc740 \uad6d\uac00<span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">\ub4e4<\/span>\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc874 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ubb34\ub108\uc84c\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \ud63c\ub780\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6cc\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc758 \uc2dc\ubc1c\uc810\uc774\ub098 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc600\ub358 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\ub294 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uc815\uad8c \uad50\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\ub974\uc2dc(Morsi) \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubaa8\ub974\uc2dc\ub9cc\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ud589\ubcf4\ub294 \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc\ub77c\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad70\ubd80 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\uc9c0\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud574\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc608\uba58\uc774\ub098 \ub9ac\ube44\uc544\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub0b4\uc804\uc774 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uac00\uae4c\uc2a4\ub85c \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc740 \uac78\ud504 \uc0b0\uc720\uad6d \uc655\uc815 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ub2e5\ucce4\uc744 \ub54c \uc0dd\uc874\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc655\uc815 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ud76c\ub9dd\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub294 \ucd5c\uadfc \uce74\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub4dc(Kais Saied)\ub77c\ub294 \ubb34\uc18c\uc18d \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \ud6c4\ubcf4\uac00 \uc815\ub2f9 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uae30\uc131 \uc815\uce58 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ubc18\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\uba70 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc5d0 \ub2f9\uc120\ub41c \ud6c4, \ud5cc\ubc95\uc744 \uac1c\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uace0 \uc815\ub2f9\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ucd95\uc18c\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9c8\uc800 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub85c \ud1f4\ubcf4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub0d0\ub294 \uc6b0\ub824\uac00 \ucee4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uacfc\uac70\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud559\uc2b5<\/b><b>, <\/b><b>\uc5b5\uc555\uc758 \uc815\uce58<\/b><b>: <\/b><b>\uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8 \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc \uc815\uad8c<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub300\uc911 \uc2dc\uc704\ub85c \ubb34\ubc14\ub77c\ud06c \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ud1f4\uc9c4\ud558\uace0 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\ud615\uc81c\ub2e8\uc774 \ubd80\uc0c1\ud55c \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc\uac00 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \uad70\ubd80\uac00 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uacfc \uad50\ud6c8\uc744 \ud1a0\ub300\ub85c \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad70\ubd80 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uad6c\ucd95\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubb34\ubc14\ub77c\ud06c \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ucd95\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \ub9cc\ud07c \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \ubc18\ub300 \uc138\ub825\uc744 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uac8c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800, \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8 \uad70\ubd80 \uc815\uad8c\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc704\ud611\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\ud615\uc81c\ub2e8\uc744 \uadfc\uc808\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uc8fc\ubcc0 \uac78\ud504 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \ud611\ub825\uc5d0 \ud798\uc785\uc5b4 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\ud615\uc81c\ub2e8\uc744 \uad6d\uac00 \uc548\ubcf4\ub97c \uc704\ud611\ud558\ub294 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub2e8\uccb4\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\ud615\uc81c\ub2e8 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc778\uc0ac \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uccb4\ud3ec\ud574 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\ud615\uc81c\ub2e8\uc744 \uc640\ud574\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc \uc815\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uad8c \uc5f0\uc7a5\uc758 \ud569\ubc95\uc131\uc744 \ub9c8\ub828\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 2018\ub144 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4dd\ud45c\uc728 97.8%\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5b4 \uc555\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc7ac\uc5f0\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacbd\uc7c1\uc774 \ub420\ub9cc\ud55c \uc57c\uad8c \ud6c4\ubcf4\uc758 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \ucca0\uc800\ud788 \ubc30\uc81c\ud55c \ucc44 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc\uac00 \ub2f9\uc120\ub418\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc120\uac70\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc\ub294 \ud14c\ub7ec\uc640\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc548\ubcf4\uc801 \ud569\ubc95\uc131, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc555\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \ub2f9\uc120\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801 \ud569\ubc95\uc131 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \uc7a5\uae30 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ub9c8\ub828\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \ud568\uaed8, \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ub300\uc911\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubd84\ub178\uac00 \uc313\uc774\uba74 \uc815\uad8c \ud1f4\ucd9c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud55c \ub9cc\ud07c \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \ucca0\uc800\ud558\uac8c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8 \uad70\ubd80\ub294 \uacb0\uc0ac\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc95\uc548\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e6\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc5b5\uc555 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8 \uad70\ubd80\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub840\uac00 \ud558\uc57c \uce74\ub9ac\ub9c8(Haya Karima)\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc815\uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\ubc1c\uc131\uc774 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc778 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uac1c\uc785\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc81c\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uac1c\uc785\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc \uad70\ubd80\ub294 \uc815\uce58 \uad8c\ub825\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacbd\uc81c \uad8c\ub825\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub3c5\uc810\ud574 \uacbd\uc81c \uae30\uad00 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc774\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uad70\uc0ac, \uc815\uce58, \uacbd\uc81c, \uc0ac\ud68c \ubaa8\ub450\ub97c \ub2e4 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ubd80\ub85c \uac70\ub4ed\ub098\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6308\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6308\" style=\"width: 799px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6308\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image03-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"799\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image03-1.png 799w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image03-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image03-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image03-1-200x112.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image03-1-400x225.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image03-1-600x337.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6308\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8 \uc5d8\uc2dc\uc2dc \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc5b5\uc555 \uac15\ud654<br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: Flickr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uac1c\ud601\uc5d0 \uac00\ub824\uc9c4 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc808\ub300 \uad70\uc8fc\uc758 \ubd80\uc0c1<\/b><b>: <\/b><b>\uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \ube48\uc0b4\ub9cc \uc655\uc815 <\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uac00 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad70\ubd80 \ub3c5\uc7ac\ub85c \uac70\ub4ed\ub098\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc5ec\ud30c\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub798\ub3c4 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubbf8\ubbf8\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub358 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514\ub294 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac1c\ud601\uc758 \uc544\uc774\ucf58\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac1c\ud601 \uc815\ucc45\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc655\uc815\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc548\uc815 \ud1a0\ub300\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uc11d\uc720 \uae30\ubc18 \uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \uc874\uc18d\uc774 \ud754\ub4e4\ub9ac\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc2dc\uc704\uac00 \ud655\uc0b0\ub41c \uc5ec\ud30c\ub85c \uc720\uc804 \uc9c0\ub300\uac00 \ubc00\uc9d1\ud55c \ub3d9\ubd80 \uc9c0\ub300\uc758 \uc2dc\uc544\ud30c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \uc2dc\uc704 \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub3c4 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uace0 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uad6d\uc778 \ubc14\ub808\uc778\uc758 \uc2dc\uc544\ud30c \uc138\ub825\uc758 \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \uacbd\ud5d8\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \ub610\ud55c \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \ucde8\uc57d\uc131\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc170\uc77c \ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc6d0\uc720 \uac00\uc2a4 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \uc99d\uac00\ub85c \uad6d\uc81c \uc720\uac00\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \ud558\ub77d\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc7ac\uc815 \uc801\uc790\uc640 \uc2e4\uc5c5\ub960 \uc0c1\uc2b9 \ub4f1 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uacbd\uc81c\uc5d0 \ud070 \ud0c0\uaca9\uc744 \uc785\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\uc911\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubd88\ub9cc\ub3c4 \uac00\uc911\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc655\uc815\uc740 \ub354\uc774\uc0c1 \uc11d\uc720\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \ud0c8\uc11d\uc720 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae30\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \ube44\uc804 2030\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514\ub294 \uc11d\uc720 \uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c8\ud53c\ud558\uc5ec \uacbd\uc81c\ub97c \ub2e4\uac01\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ud0c8\ud0c4\uc18c \uc815\ucc45\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ub300 \uc11d\uc720 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uad6d\uc774 \ud0c8\uc11d\uc720 \ud0c8\ud0c4\uc18c\ub97c \uc678\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc148\uc774\ub2e4. \ub124\uc634\uc2dc\ud2f0(Neom City)\ub77c\ub294 SF\uc601\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c\ub098 \ub098\uc62c\ubc95\ud55c \ub3c4\uc2dc \uac74\uc124 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514\uc758 \ubb34\ud568\ub9c8\ub4dc \ube48\uc0b4\ub9cc \uc655\uc138\uc790\ub294 \uac1c\ud601 \uad70\uc8fc \ud639\uc740 \uc80a\uc740 \uac1c\ud601\uc758 \uc544\uc774\ucf58\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uac1c\ud601\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \ube48\uc0b4\ub9cc \uc655\uc138\uc790\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uac1c\ud601\ub3c4 \uacfc\uac10\ud558\uac8c \uc2dc\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadfc\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uc131\uaca9\uc774 \uac15\ud55c \uc640\ud558\ube44\uc998\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc655\uc815\uc740 \uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \ube48\uc0b4\ub9cc \uc655\uc138\uc790\ub294 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \ud559\uc790(\uc6b8\ub77c\ub9c8)\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc18\ub300\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc544\ub791\uacf3\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc6b4\uc804\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uac10\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc2dc\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc655\uc815\uc758 \uacfc\uac10\ud55c \uac1c\ud601 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud55c\uce35 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \uac1c\ubc29\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294\ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc5b5\uc555\ub9cc \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \ud55c\uacc4\uc810\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud55c \uc784\uc2dc\ubc29\ud3b8\uc758 \uc870\uce58\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc774\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uac1c\ubc29 \uc815\ucc45\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774\uc5c8\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uac1c\ud601\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc808\ub300 \uc655\uc815\uc758 \uc874\uc18d\uc740 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uae30\uc2dd\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c \uac1c\ubc29 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ub9c8\uce58 \uad49\uc7a5\ud55c \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc655\uc815\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uac1c\ud601\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc774\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc790\uc720\ud654(Liberalization) \uc870\uce58\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ucc38\uc5ec\uac00 \uc5b5\uc81c\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc815\ubd80\uc640 \ub300\ub9bd\ud558\ub294 \ubc18\uc815\ubd80 \ud639\uc740 \uc57c\uad8c \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub294 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824, \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514\uc758 \uc808\ub300 \uc655\uc815\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ub825\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uce74\uc288\ub044\uc9c0 \uc0b4\ud574 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \ud544\ub450\ub85c \uc655\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\ud310 \uc138\ub825\uc740 \ucca0\uc800\ud788 \uc5b5\uc555\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 8\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc5ec\uc131 \ub450 \uba85\uc774 \uc18c\uc15c \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc655\uc815\uc744 \ube44\ub09c\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc7a5\uae30 \uc218\uac10\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc2dc\ubbfc \uc815\uce58 \uad8c\ub9ac \uc5f0\ud569(Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association, ACPRA)\uc758 \ucc3d\ub9bd \uba64\ubc84, \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \ud574\uc678 \ub3c4\ud53c\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uacb0\uc131\ud55c \uad6d\uac00 \uc758\ud68c \uc815\ub2f9(National Assembly Party, NAAS)\ub4e4\uc758 \ud68c\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9d5\uc5ed\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ubc1b\uac70\ub098 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0b4\ud574\ub418\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ube44\ud310\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774\ub098 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud0c4\uc555\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud558\ub2e4(Freedom House, 2023). \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc5b5\uc555\uc774 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ube48\uc0b4\ub9cc \uc655\uc138\uc790\ub294 \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 \uad6d\ubb34\ucd1d\ub9ac\ub85c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc784\uba85\ub418\uba74\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc2e4\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uacfc\uac70 \uad6d\uc655\uc774 \uc655\uc871\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \ubc30\ubd84\ud558\uba70 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc655\uad8c\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud588\ub358 \uac83\uacfc \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \ube48\uc0b4\ub9cc \uc655\uc138\uc790\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9d1\uc911\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc655\uc815\uc740 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\uad8c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc808\ub300 \uc655\uc815\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uac00\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc655\uc815\uc740 \uacbd\uc81c \uad8c\ub825\ub3c4 \ub3c5\uc810\ud558\uae30 \uacbd\uc81c \uad00\ub828 \uae30\uad00\uc744 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ud1b5\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uacbd\uc81c \ubc0f \uac1c\ubc1c \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c(Council of Economic and Development affairs)\ub97c \ucc3d\uc124\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uac01\ub3c4\ub85c \uc815\uce58 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6309\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6309\" style=\"width: 627px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6309 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image04-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"627\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image04-2.png 627w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image04-2-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image04-2-200x163.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image04-2-400x326.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image04-2-600x489.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 627px) 100vw, 627px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6309\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \ube48\uc0b4\ub9cc \uc655\uc138\uc790\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc655\uad8c \uac15\ud654 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uae30\uc5c5\uac00 \uc57c\uc2dc\ub974 \uc54c\uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc\uc758 \ud2b8\uc717 https:\/\/twitter.com\/Yasser_AlSyead\/status\/971101277068374016?s=20<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc998\uacfc \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4<\/b><b>: <\/b><b>\ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0 \uce74\uc774\uc2a4 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud55c\ud3b8, \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ud76c\ub9dd\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9c8\uc800 \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ud55c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub85c \ud5a5\ud574\uac00\ub294 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud604 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0 \uce74\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub4dc \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 2019\ub144 \ubb34\uc18c\uc18d \ud6c4\ubcf4\ub85c \ud61c\uc131\ucc98\ub7fc \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc5d0 \ub2f9\uc120\ub410\ub2e4. \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c\uc758 \uc804\ud658\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub418\uc5b4\uc654\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc8fc\ucd95\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc138\uc18d \uc815\ub2f9\uacfc \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uc815\ub2f9 \uac04\uc758 \uac08\ub4f1\uc744 \ubd09\ud569\ud558\uba70 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \uacaa\uc740 \uad6d\uac00 \uc911 \uc720\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc2e4\ud604\ud574\uac00\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc 2014\ub144 \uad8c\ub825 \ubd84\ubc30\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uac1c\uc815\ub41c \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9 \uac04 \ud569\uc758\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ube44\ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uac08\ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c \uc545\ud654\ub85c \ub300\uc911\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ube44\ub8e8\ud55c \ub17c\uc7c1\uc5d0\ub9cc \ubab0\ub450\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \ubb34\ub2a5\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uce74\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub4dc\ub294 \uc815\ub2f9 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uc815\uce58 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc624\uc9c1 \uc778\ubbfc(people)\ub9cc\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\ud638\ub97c \ub4e4\uace0 \ub098\uc640 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc9c1\uc5d0 \ub2f9\uc120\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub4dc \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ube44\ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uc744 \uac1c\ud601\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uba70 \uc815\ub2f9\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uace0 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uace8\uc790\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud5cc\ubc95 \uac1c\uc815\uc548\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uace0, \uad6d\ubbfc \ud22c\ud45c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \uc2b9\uc778\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub4dc \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub85c \ud1f4\ubcf4\ud558\ub824 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub0d0\ub294 \uc6b0\ub824\ub9cc \uc99d\ud3ed\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6310\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6310\" style=\"width: 2134px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6310\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2134\" height=\"1548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1.png 2134w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-1024x743.png 1024w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-768x557.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-1536x1114.png 1536w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-2048x1486.png 2048w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-200x145.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-400x290.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-600x435.png 600w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-800x580.png 800w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image05-1-1200x870.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2134px) 100vw, 2134px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6310\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ud589\ubcf4\ub97c \uac77\ub294 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0 \uce74\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub4dc \ub300\ud1b5\ub839<br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: Wikidedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><b>\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uc801 \ud655\uc0b0<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc911\ub3d9 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc7ac\ubd80\uc0c1\uc740 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uacfc\ub3c4 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc744 \uac19\uc774 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc815\uce58\ub780 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc790\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad70\uc8fc\ub97c \ud45c\ubc29\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ucca0\uad8c\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud55c \uace0\ub300 \uad70\uc8fc\ub97c \ubb18\uc0ac\ud558\ub358 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(Nadeem paracha 2020). 2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \ub0c9\uc804 \uc2dc\ub300 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc9c0\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Nadeem paracha 2020). \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub0c9\uc804 \uc885\uc2dd \uc774\ud6c4 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc758 \uc138\uacc4 \uc9c8\uc11c \uc18d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud560 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7a1\uc744 \uac83\ub9cc \uac19\uc558\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\ub3c4 \uc624\ub798 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc758 \ub2e8\uadf9 \uc9c8\uc11c\uac00 \ubb34\ub108\uc9c0\uace0 \ub2e4\uadf9\ud654 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uad6d\uc81c \uc9c8\uc11c \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc640 \uc911\uad6d \ub4f1\uc774 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc138\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc138\uacc4 \uc9c8\uc11c \ubcc0\ud654 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \ud478\ud2f4, \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc2dc\uc9c4\ud551\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \ucd5c\uadfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc815\uce58\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub294 \uac15\ud55c \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub97c \uc77c\uceeb\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud638\uce6d\uc744 \uac16\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc874\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\uce58\ub97c \ud3bc\uccd0\ub098\uac08 \uc120\uad6c\uc790\ub85c \ub300\uc911\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc778\uc2dd\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc911\ub4e4\uc744 \uc27d\uac8c \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc758\uc9c0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uac10\uc131\uc5d0 \ud638\uc18c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc911\uc810\uc744 \ub450\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4(Lemieux 2022). \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\uc740 \uae30\uc131 \uc815\uce58 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc778\ubbfc(people)\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640\ub3c4 \ud63c\uc7ac\ub418\ub294 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4(Lemieux 2022). \ucd5c\uadfc\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774 \uacfc\uac70 \ub0c9\uc804 \uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c \uad6c\ubd84 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc740 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc740 \uc911\uad6d-\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd95(axis of authoritarianism)\uc758 \ubd80\uc0c1\uacfc\ub3c4 \uc77c\ub9e5\uc0c1\ud1b5\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\ub300\ub418\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd95<\/b><b>(Axis of Authoritarianism)<\/b><\/h5>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6311\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6311\" style=\"width: 2134px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6311\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2134\" height=\"1316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1.png 2134w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-1024x631.png 1024w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-768x474.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-1536x947.png 1536w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-2048x1263.png 2048w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-200x123.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-400x247.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-600x370.png 600w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-800x493.png 800w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image06-1-1200x740.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2134px) 100vw, 2134px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6311\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd95(axis of authoritarianism)\uc758 \ubd80\uc0c1:<br \/>\ube14\ub77c\ub514\ubbf8\ub974 \ud478\ud2f4 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uacfc \ube48\uc0b4\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \uc655\uc138\uc790<br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: Kremlin.ru<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub0c9\uc804 \uc885\uc2dd \uc774\ud6c4 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubc0f \uc720\ub7fd \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uc138\uacc4 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub410\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc804\ud658\uc774 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0(democratic diffusion) \ud6a8\uacfc\ub098 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub07c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2f8\uc6b0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\ub860\uc778 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud3c9\ud654\ub860(democratic peace)\uc774 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud588\ub2e4. \uacfc\uac70 \ub0c9\uc804 \uc885\uc2dd \uc774\ud6c4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uc11c\ubc29 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0 \ubd84\uc704\uae30 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ube44\ub85d \uacb0\ud568\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098\ub9c8 \uc120\uac70\uc640 \uc815\ub2f9 \ub4f1 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ucde8\ud574\uc654\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0(authoritarian diffusion)\uc774\ub098 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ud3c9\ud654\ub860(authoritarian peace)\uc774 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ub354 \uc124\ub4dd\ub825 \uc788\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \uc9c8\uc11c\uac00 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ud310\ub2e8\ub41c\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ubcc0\ub3d9 \uc591\uc0c1\uc740 \uc774 \ub450 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub97c \uc798 \uc124\uba85\ud574\uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc138\uc6b0\uaca0\ub2e4\ub358 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc740 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc911\ub3d9 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub2e4\uba70 \uc911\ub3d9 \ub5a0\ub098\uae30 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud2c8\uc744 \ud0c0\uc11c \uc911\uad6d\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uac00 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc744 \ub4e4\uc774\uba70 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108 \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ub208\uce58\ub97c \ubcf4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uacfc \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc9c0\ud5a5\uc810\uc774 \ub9de\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub098 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\ub300\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc911\uad6d-\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \uc787\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd95\uc774 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc148\uc774\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc \uc911\uad6d \uc911\uc7ac\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514\uc640 \uc774\ub780\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \uc815\uc0c1\ud654 \ud569\uc758\ub294 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc601\uc5ed\uc774 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub3c4 OPEC+\ud611\uc758\uccb4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6b0\ub514 \ub4f1\uc758 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc0b0\uc720\uad6d\uacfc \ud611\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \ub0b4\uc804\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc785\uc9c0\ub97c \uad73\ud600\ub098\uac00\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc11c\ubc29 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ub208\uce58\ub9cc \ubcf4\ub358 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc744 \ub51b\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uc911\uad6d\uc774\ub098 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uac19\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc138\ub825\uacfc \uc5f0\ub300\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd95\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc870\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ub825\ud574\uc9c4 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8\uc758 \ubd80\uc0c1, \uc911\uad6d-\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544-\uc911\ub3d9\uc744 \uc787\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd95\uc758 \ud655\ub300 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc911\ub3d9\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc694\uc6d0\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774\ub2e4. \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2f9\ubd84\uac04 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd95\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uba70 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud574\uac08 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc800\uc790 \uc18c\uac1c<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc548\uc18c\uc5f0<\/b><b>(soyeonahn727@gmail.com)<\/b>\uc740<br \/>\n\uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c \ubc29\ubb38\ud559\uc790\uc774\uc790 \ub3d9 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c \uc11c\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc13c\ud130 \ubc29\ubb38\uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uad6d\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc911\ub3d9\ud559\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\uc758\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. &lt;\uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc778\uc2dd\uacfc \ud589\ub3d9&gt;\uc73c\ub85c 2022\ub144\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4 \ud734\uc2a4\ud134 \ub300\ud559\uad50(University of Houston)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uce58\ud559(Political Science) \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. MENA \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uccb4\uc81c, \uc815\ub2f9, \uc120\uac70 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc911\uc810\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c \uc911\uc774\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \ub17c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \u300c\ucd5c\uadfc \uc544\ub78d \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc120\uac70 \uacb0\uacfc \ubd84\uc11d \ubc0f \uc758\ubbf8\u300d, \u300c\ud3ec\ud4f0\ub9ac\uc998\uacfc \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc704\uae30: \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c\u300d, \u300c\uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc \ud615\uc81c\ub2e8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1a0\ub300\ub85c \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf8 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc57c\uad8c \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uc0dd\uc874\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud22c\uc7c1, \uc131\uacf5 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e4\ud328\u300d, \u300c\uac78\ud504 \uc655\uc815 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uae30\uc131 \uc815\uce58 \uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud558\ub294 \uce74\ud0c0\ub974 \uc720\uc778 \ubd84\uc11d-\uc218\uc815\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c\u300d \u300c\uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uc815\ub2f9\uc774 \uc9c1\uba74\ud55c \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \ub3c4\uc804\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\ucc30: \ubaa8\ub85c\ucf54\uc640 \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uc815\ub2f9\uc758 \uc18c\uc678 \uc815\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc131 \uc815\ub2f9\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \ubcc0\ubaa8 \uacfc\uc815\u300d \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b>\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Freedom House in the World 2023. \u201cSaudi Arabia\u201d<br \/>\n<u>https:\/\/freedomhouse.org\/country\/saudi-arabia\/freedom-world\/2023<\/u> (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2023. 4.15.)<\/li>\n<li>Gerschewski, J. 2013. \u201cThe three pillars of stability: Legitimation, repression, and co-optation in autocratic regimes.\u201d <i>Democratization<\/i>, 20(1), 13-38.<\/li>\n<li>Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way. 2010. <i>Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War<\/i>, Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Nadeem paracha. 2020. \u201cThe return of strongmen in politics\u201d,<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.dailypioneer.com\/2020\/columnists\/the-return-of-strongmen-in-politics.html (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2023. 4. 15)<\/li>\n<li>Pierre Lemieux, \u201cThe Age of the Strongman\u201d, <i>CATO Institute<\/i>,<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/www.cato.org\/regulation\/fall-2022\/easy-path-strongman-be (\uac80\uc0c9\uc77c: 2023. 4. 20)<\/li>\n<li>Schedler, A. 2013. <i>The politics of uncertainty: Sustaining and subverting electoral authoritarianism<\/i>, OUP Oxford.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u1103\u1161\u1109\u1175-\u1104\u1165\u110b\u1169\u1105\u1173\u1102\u1173\u11ab-\u110c\u116e\u11bc\u1103\u1169\u11bc\u110b\u1174-\u1109\u1173\u1110\u1173\u1105\u1169\u11bc\u1106\u1162\u11ab.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1248\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/pdf.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" \/>PDF \ud30c\uc77c \ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2010\ub144 \ub9d0 \uc911\ub3d9 \ubc0f \ubd81\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uc9c0\uc5ed(Middle East and North Africa, MENA \uc774\ud558 \uba54\ub098)\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ub97c \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub9ac\uace0 \uc815\uce58 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc62c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\ub300\ub97c \ub192\uc600\ub358 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc740 \uadf8 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \ud1f4\uc0c9\ud55c \uc9c0 \uc624\ub798\ub2e4. \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc815\uce58\ub97c \ud638\ub839\ud588\ub358 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb3c\ub7ec\ub09c \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc130\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \ubd04\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \ucde8\uc57d\uc131\uc744 \uae68\ub2ec\uc740 \ub9cc\ud07c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub354\ud574 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uc911\uad6d-\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \uc8fc\ucd95\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ucd95\uc758 \ud655\ub300\ub294 \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc7ac\ubd80\uc0c1\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae30\ud3ed\uc81c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd94\uc138 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uba54\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub871\ub9e8 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud574\uac08 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. 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