{"id":2697,"date":"2019-06-18T15:54:46","date_gmt":"2019-06-18T06:54:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/?p=2697"},"modified":"2026-04-15T14:06:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T14:06:00","slug":"%ec%9d%b8%eb%8f%84%ec%9d%98-%ec%b9%b4%ec%8a%a4%ed%8a%b8%ec%99%80-%ec%86%8c%ec%88%98%ec%a7%91%eb%8b%a8-%ea%b7%b8%eb%a6%ac%ea%b3%a0-%ed%95%a0%eb%8b%b9%ec%a0%9c-%eb%85%bc%eb%9e%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/?p=2697","title":{"rendered":"\uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc18c\uc218\uc9d1\ub2e8, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \ub17c\ub780"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_8223\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8223\" style=\"width: 990px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8223\" src=\"https:\/\/snuac.snu.ac.kr\/aa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/INDIA-JAT-PROTEST-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"990\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/INDIA-JAT-PROTEST-1.png 990w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/INDIA-JAT-PROTEST-1-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/INDIA-JAT-PROTEST-1-768x475.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/INDIA-JAT-PROTEST-1-200x124.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/INDIA-JAT-PROTEST-1-400x247.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/INDIA-JAT-PROTEST-1-600x371.png 600w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/INDIA-JAT-PROTEST-1-800x495.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8223\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">2017\ub144 3\uc6d4 2\uc77c \ub274\ub378\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc9d1\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ub728 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \u2018\uc790\ub728\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \uc4f0\uc5ec\uc788\ub294 \ud53c\ucf13\uc744 \ub4e4\uace0 \uc2ac\ub85c\uac74\uc744 \uc678\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub0a0 \ub274\ub378\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc778 \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \uc790\ub728 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub294 \uacf5\uc9c1\uacfc \uace0\ub4f1\uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\uc6d0\ud560\ub2f9 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \ub18d\ubbfc\uce35\uc778 \uc790\ub728\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubd81\uc778\ub3c4\uc758 7\uac1c \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ud0c0\ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \uc774 \uc678\uc5d0 \uc911\uc559\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uae30\ud0c0\ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09 \uba85\ub2e8\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: \uc5f0\ud569\ub274\uc2a4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\uc774\uc9c0\uc740<\/strong>(\ud55c\uad6d\uc678\uad6d\uc5b4\ub300\ud559\uad50)<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc640 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc81c\uc77c \uba3c\uc800 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5f0 \u2018\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8(Caste)\u2019\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc798 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \uadf8 \ub098\ub984\uc758 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0, \uc778\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 \uc77c\ucc9c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\ub77c \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub9e4\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uace0 \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub358 \uae30\uc5b5\uc73c\ub85c, \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \u2018\uc778\ub3c4\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc77c \uba3c\uc800 \uc5f0\uc0c1\ub418\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc778\ub3c4\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ud1b5\uce58\ud588\ub358 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \ud559\uc790\uc640 \ud589\uc815\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \u2018\uc778\ub3c4\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc801 \uc5f4\uc1e0\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \uc774\ub798, \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ud574 \ub610\ub294 \uc624\ud574\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4(Cohn, 1987).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \ud608\ud1b5 \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \uc804\uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc81c\ub3c4, \uc138\uacc4\ud654\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc624\ub79c \uc545\uc2b5, \uc778\ub3c4 \uc800\ubc1c\uc804\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad00\ub150\uc740 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud55c \uc11c\uad6c\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc778\ub3c4\ub97c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \uc628 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc801 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc778\ub3c4\uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc744<a href=\"#1\">1)<\/a> \uac74\uc124\ud558\ub358 \uad6d\uac00\ud615\uc131\uae30\uc5d0 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc800\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ud574\ubb3c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc84c\ub2e4. \ube44\ube64 \uc9e0\ub4dc\ub77c\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559\uc790\ub294 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \u2018\uc0ac\ud68c\ubd84\uc5f4\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\u2019\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub2e8\uacb0\ub41c \ubbfc\uc871\uac10\uc815\uc758 \uc131\uc7a5\uacfc \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9bc\ub3cc\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ube44\ud310\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Chandra, 2009). \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\uc640 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ubc15\uc560\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \ucd9c\uc0dd\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc18\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ube44\ud310\ub3c4 \ub110\ub9ac \ud638\uc751\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ud604\uc874\ud558\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc81c\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uac1c\ud601\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \uc601\uad6d \ud589\uc815\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \uc790\uadf9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc81c\ub3c4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud0dc\uc0dd\uc801 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac15\uc870\ub418\ub294 \ube44\uc778\uac04\uc801\uc778 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uacfc \ucc29\ucde8\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<a href=\"#2\">2)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc640 \ub17c\ub780<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \uc0ac\ud68c\uac1c\ud601\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uad50\uc721\uacfc \uacc4\ubabd\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc \ubc18(\u53cd)\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \ub098\uc11c\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub358 \uc601\uad6d \ud589\uc815\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ubbf8\uc57d\ud558\ub098\ub9c8 \uad50\uc721\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uac1c\uc120\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0\uc790 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95\uc81c\ud654\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\uc721\ubc1b\uc740 \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ucd9c\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \ud589\uc815\uacfc \uc785\ubc95\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub178\ub825\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud55c \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \ud574\uc18c\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ub9c8\ub828\ud55c \uc815\ucc45\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18 \ub9c8\ub4dc\ub77c\uc2a4(Madras) \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c \ubcf4\uc870\uae08\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc758<a href=\"#3\">3)<\/a> \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ud2b9\ubcc4 \uad50\uc218\uc9c4\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\uc815\ubcf4\uc870\ub97c \ud574 \uc900\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774 \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc0c1\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \ud68c\ud53c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ubc18 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uad50\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud568\uaed8 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\ub358 \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1921\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc8fc(\u5dde) \uc785\ubc95\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uacb0\uc758\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc8fc\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0 \uc784\uc6a9 \uc2dc \ube44\ube0c\ub77c\ubbfc(non-Brahmin)\uc5d0\uac8c<a href=\"#4\">4)<\/a> \uc77c\uc815 \ube44\uc728\uc744 \ud560\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud588\ub2e4. \ube44\ube0c\ub77c\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc601\uad6d \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc815\ubd80\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc9c0\ubc29\uc758 \uad70\uc8fc\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uba3c\uc800 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ud68c\uac1c\ud601 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\ub358 \ub9c8\uc774\uc18c\ub974(Mysore) \uc655\uad6d\uc740 1919\ub144 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub97c \ubc1c\uc871\ud558\uc5ec \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub97c \uc81c\uc548\ud558\uc600\uace0, 1921\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc815\ubd80 \uad00\uc9c1\uc758 1\/2\uc744 \ube44\ube0c\ub77c\ubbfc\uc5d0\uac8c \ud560\ub2f9\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uba85\ub839\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1919\ub144 \uc778\ub3c4\uc815\ubd80\ubc95(Government of India Act, 1919)\uc740 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc5ed\ub7c9 \uac15\ud654\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc785\ubc95\uc740 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ub098, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc18c\uc218\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 1930\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1932\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub7f0\ub358\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc77c\ub828\uc758 \uc6d0\ud0c1\ud68c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud1a0\ub860\uacfc \ubfcc\ub098\ud611\uc815(Poona Pact)\uc758 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud569\uc758\uac00 1935\ub144 \uc778\ub3c4\uc815\ubd80\ubc95(Government of India Act, 1935)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc57d 9.3%\uc758 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8(\uc774\uc804\uc758 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09)\uc758<a href=\"#5\">5)<\/a> \ud560\ub2f9\uc758\uc11d\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c\uc120\uac70\uad6c\uc81c\ub77c\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubc95\uc81c\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"#6\">6)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uad50\uc721\uacfc \uc784\uba85\uc9c1 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc9c1\uc5c5 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc740 \uc77c\ucc0d\uc774 1892\ub144\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\uc5b4 \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud559\uad50\uac00 \uc124\ub9bd\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uad50\uc721 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uac70\ub450\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uac70\uc758 0%\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6e0\ub358 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ubb38\uc790\ud574\ub3c5\ub960\uc740 1921\ub144\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc5ec \uac01\uac01 6.7%\uc640 4.8%\ub85c \uc0c1\uc2b9\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uc218\ud61c\uc790\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\ud559\uae08 \uc218\uc5ec\ub3c4 \uc810\uc810 \ub298\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \ucd94\uc138\uc600\ub2e4(Sharma, 1982).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc218\uc900\uc758 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \ud560\ub2f9\uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc2dc\ud589\ub41c \ubd84\uc57c\ub294 \uad00\ub8cc\uc758 \ub4f1\uc6a9\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1934\ub144 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc2e0\uaddc \ucc44\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud589\uc815\uc9c1 \uc911 25%\ub97c \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\uc5d0\uac8c, 8.3%\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc5ec\ud0c0\uc758 \uc18c\uc218\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0\uac8c \ud560\ub2f9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1931\ub144 \uc13c\uc11c\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc740 \uc804\uccb4 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 12.5%\ub85c(Government of India, 1933), \ub2f9\uc2dc\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc778\uad6c \ube44\uc728\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \ud655\ub9bd\ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc81c 2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804 \uae30\uac04 \uc911 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\uc774 \ud589\uc815\uc9c1\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uad70\ub300\uc640 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1946\ub144\ubd80\ud130\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9\ube44\uc728\ub3c4 \uc778\uad6c\ube44\uc728\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 12.5%\ub85c \ud655\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(Chandran, n.d.).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i>\uc778\ub3c4\uacf5\ud654\uad6d \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5 <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc28\ubcc4\ubc1b\ub358 \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc801 \ubc30\ub824\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uae30 \ubc18\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uce58 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc758 \ub300\ubcc0\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\ub358 \uc554\ubca0\ub4dc\uae4c\ub974(B. R. Ambedkar)\ub294 \uc81c\ud5cc\uc758\ud68c\uc758\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uace0, \ud5cc\ubc95\ucd08\uc548\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc758\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud5cc\ubc95 \uc81c\uc815\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4\uacf5\ud654\uad6d \ud5cc\ubc95\uc740 \uc815\uc758, \uc790\uc720, \ud3c9\ub4f1, \ubc15\uc560\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc804\ubb38(\u524d\u6587)\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uace0, \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc81c\ub97c \ud3d0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860, \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ubd88\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ubb34\uc704\ub85c \ub3cc\ub9ac\uace0, \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\uc0c1\uc801 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc2e4\ud604\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud070 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc778\ub3c4 \uc774\uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubbf8\uad6d, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4, \ub9d0\ub808\uc774\uc2dc\uc544 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc6d0\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ud68c \uad6c\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc18c\uc218\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ucca0\ud3d0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub098 \uc774\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ud589\ud558\ub294 \u2018\ub18d\uc5b4\ucd0c\ud2b9\ubcc4\uc804\ud615\u2019\uc774\ub098 \uac01 \uc815\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uac70 \uc785\ud6c4\ubcf4\uc790 \uacf5\ucc9c \uc2dc \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \u2018\uc5ec\uc131\ud560\ub2f9\u2019 \uace0\uc704\uacf5\uc9c1\uc790 \uc120\uc815 \uc2dc \uace0\ub824\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub294 \u2018\uc9c0\uc5ed\uade0\ud615\u2019 \ub4f1\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc77c\uc885\uc774\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub418\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ubc95\uc801 \uac15\uc81c\uc131\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \u2018\uace0\ub824\u2019 \uc218\uc900\uc778\ub370 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c \uc870\ud56d\ub4e4\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubc95\uc801 \uac15\uc81c\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \uc2dc\ud589 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc0c1\uc138\ud558\uac8c \ubc95\uc81c\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \uac16\ub294 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uad8c \uce68\ud574\ub77c\ub294 \uc704\ud5cc\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \ub17c\ub780\uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \uc788\ub294\ub370 \ube44\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uc544\uc608 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc704\ud5cc \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub17c\ub780\uc740 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c6\ub294 \uc148\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uacf5\uacf5\ubd80\ubb38 \uace0\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c \ud5cc\ubc95 \uc870\ud56d\uc740 \uac01\uac01 \u2018\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \uad50\uc721\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uce35 \ub610\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc758 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud2b9\ubcc4\uc785\ubc95\u2019\uacfc \u2018\uacf5\uc9c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ub300\ud45c\uc131\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ub418\ub294 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0\uac8c \uacf5\uc9c1\uc744 \ud560\ub2f9\ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc785\ubc95\u2019\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4(Constitution of India 15(5), 16(4)). \uc774 \uc870\ud56d\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \uc758\ud68c\ub294 1957\ub144 \uacf5\uacf5\uace0\uc6a9\ubc95(Public Employment Act)\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, \uacf5\uc9c1 \ud560\ub2f9\uc758 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uaddc\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac01\uae09 \uc785\ubc95\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc758\uc6d0\uc9c1 \ud560\ub2f9\uc740 \ud5cc\ubc95 330\uc870(\uc5f0\ubc29 \ud558\uc6d0\uc758\uc11d\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9)\uc640 332\uc870(\uac01 \uc8fc \ud558\uc6d0\uc758\uc11d\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uaddc\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2703\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2703\" style=\"width: 647px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2703\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"647\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-1.png 647w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-1-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-1-320x202.png 320w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-1-200x127.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-1-400x253.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-1-600x380.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2703\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\uc554\ubca0\ub4dc\uae4c\ub974(B. R. Ambedkar)\ub294 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uae30 \ubc18\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uce58 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc758 \ub300\ubcc0\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\ub358 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774\ub2e4. \ud5cc\ubc95\ucd08\uc548\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc18c\uc218\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ud5a5\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud06c\uac8c \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4.<\/strong><br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i>\uc778\ub3c4\uacf5\ud654\uad6d \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \ub300\uc0c1 <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc778\ub3c4 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc740 \ud06c\uac8c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ub41c\ub2e4. \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc28\ubcc4\ubc1b\uc544\uc628 \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ucd9c\uc2e0(\uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 Scheduled Castes), \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud3b8\uc785\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub358 \ubd80\uc871\ubbfc\ub4e4(\uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871 Scheduled Tribes), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uae30\ud0c0\ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09(Other Backward Classes, \uc774\ud558 OBC)\uc774\ub2e4. \uae30\ud0c0\ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub294 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \u2018\ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09(backward classes)\u2019 \uc911 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00b7\uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \uc5ec\ud0c0\uc758 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub098 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uc815\ubd80 \ubb38\uc11c, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ud589\uc815 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ud0c0\ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc774 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uba85\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc778\uad6c\uc218\uc5d0 \ube44\ub840\ud558\uc5ec \ud560\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc758 \uc885\ub958\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad6d\uac00 \uc608\uc0b0\uc740 \uc778\uad6c \ube44\uc728\ub9cc\ud07c \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc30\ub2f9\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc608\uc0b0\ud560\ub2f9\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc624\ub514\uc0e4(Odisha) \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ud53c\ud574\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc5ec \uc911\uc559\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\uc9c0\uc6d0\uae08\uc774 \uad50\ubd80\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74, \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc778\uad6c\ube44\uc728\ub9cc\ud07c \uc774 \uc790\uae08\uc758 \uc218\ud61c\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc608\uc0b0\uc758 \uacc4\ud68d\uacfc \uc9d1\ud589\uc774 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 \uc900\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uad6c\ubd84\ub418\uc5b4 \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc758\uc11d \ub610\ub294 \uace0\uc6a9 \ub4f1 \u2018\uc790\ub9ac\u2019\ub97c \uc8fc\ub294 \uc815\uc6d0\ud560\ub2f9\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc740 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uac8c \ud06c\uac8c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub098\ub25c\ub2e4. \uac01\uae09 \uc785\ubc95\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc120\ucd9c \uc758\uc6d0\uc9c1, \uc911\uc559\uc815\ubd80\uc640 \uc8fc \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uacf5\uacf5\ubd80\ubb38 \uace0\uc6a9, \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00 \uc785\ud559 \uc815\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \uadf8\uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc911 \uc758\uc6d0\uc9c1 \ud560\ub2f9\uc740 \uc18c\uc218\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uacf5\uc9c1\uc9c4\ucd9c\uc774 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0 \ub300\uc758\uc81c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ub300\ud45c\uc131\uc744 \uac16\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \uc810\uc744 \ubcf4\uc644\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uba70, \uc9c1\uc5c5\uacfc \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f4\uc545\ud55c \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638\uc801 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uacf5\uc9c1 \uc784\uba85\uacfc \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00 \uc785\ud559 \uc2dc\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc740 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ub300\uc758\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uae30\ub294 \ud558\ub098 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc801\uc6a9 \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\uc758 \uc81c\uae30\uac00 \ub4a4\ub530\ub790\uace0, \uc18c\uc1a1\uacfc \ud5cc\ubc95 \uac1c\uc815\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc138\ubd80\uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \uaddc\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\ud5cc\uacfc \ud310\ub840\ub85c\uc11c \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud655\ub9bd\ub41c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc138\ubd80\uc0ac\ud56d \uc911 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc785\ud559\uacfc \uace0\uc6a9\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uad6d\uac00\uae30\uad00\uacfc \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\ub9cc \uad6d\ud55c\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70 \uc815\ubd80 \ubcf4\uc870\ub97c \uc804\ud600 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc0ac\ub9bd\uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4(2005\ub144 \uac1c\ud5cc). \ub458\uc9f8, \uc9c1\uc5c5 \ud560\ub2f9\uc740 \ucd5c\ucd08 \uace0\uc6a9 \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub9cc \ud560\ub2f9\uc758 \ud2b9\ud61c\ub97c \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc774\ud6c4 \uc9c4\uae09 \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4(1995\ub144 \uac1c\ud5cc). \uc14b\uc9f8, \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574\uc5d0 \uc784\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ucc44\uc6cc\uc9c0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\ucffc\ud130\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ud574\ub85c \uc774\uc6d4\ub418\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc784\uc6a9\ud558\uba70, \uc774\uc6d4\ub41c \ucffc\ud130\ub294 \uc774\ubc88 \ud574\uc758 \uc2e0\uaddc \ucffc\ud130\uc640\ub294 \ubcc4\uac1c\ub85c \uc0b0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud560\ub2f9\ucffc\ud130\uc758 \ucd1d\ud569\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \uc2e0\uaddc\uace0\uc6a9\uc758 50%\ub97c \ub118\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uaddc\uce59\uc740 \uc774\uc6d4\ub41c \ucffc\ud130\uc640 \uc2e0\uaddc \ucffc\ud130\uc5d0 \ub530\ub85c\ub530\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, \ud569\uc0b0\ud574\uc11c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4(2000\ub144 \uac1c\ud5cc).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2702\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2702\" style=\"width: 952px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2702 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"952\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c.png 952w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c-768x457.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c-200x119.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c-400x238.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c-600x357.png 600w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c-800x476.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 952px) 100vw, 952px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2702\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\uc778\ub3c4 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub0b4\uc6a9<\/strong><br \/>\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uba74 \ud06c\uac8c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br \/>\u00a9 DIVERSE+ASIA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \ub17c\ub780<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i>\uc218\ud61c\ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub17c\ub780 <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc790\uac00 \ub204\uad6c\uc778\uac00\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ucde8\uc57d\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uadf8 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ub300\uc6b0\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\u00b7\uad50\uc721\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09(economically and educationally backward classes), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uba85\uce6d\ub9cc\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud560 \ubfd0, \uc774\ub4e4 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc694\uac74\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc778\uc9c0, \ub610\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \ub300\uc2e0 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc740 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \uac01 \uc8fc \uc8fc\uc9c0\uc0ac\uc758 \uc790\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uacf5\ud3ec\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0(Constitution of India 341(1); 342(1)), \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc744 \uc218\uc815\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc758\ud68c\uc758 \uc785\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4(Constitution of India 341(2); 342(2)). \uc774 \uc678\uc758 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc774\ub098 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uce35\uc758 \uc9c0\uc815\ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \ubd80\uce59(Schedule)\uc73c\ub85c \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc758 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 1935\ub144 \uc778\ub3c4\uc815\ubd80\ubc95\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub85d\uc73c\ub85c \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub358 \uc778\ub3c4\uc815\ubd80\ubc95 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub839(The Government of India (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1936)\uc744 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \ud5cc\ubc95 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub839(The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc7ac\uc785\ubc95\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc218\ud61c\ub300\uc0c1\uc790\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uac01 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \ucca8\uc608\ud558\uac8c \ub300\ub9bd\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \uac08\ub4f1\uacfc \ub17c\ub780\uc744 \uc57c\uae30\ud574\uc654\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub294 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uaddc\uc815\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ub17c\uc758\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ube44\ucf1c\ub098 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"#7\">7)<\/a> \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 OBC\uc758 \uc9c0\uc815 \ubb38\uc81c\ub098 \ud2b9\uc815 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \ud3b8\uc785 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud63c\ub780\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc62c \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub07c\uce58\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. OBC\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud5cc\ubc95\uc0c1\uc758 \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubaa8\ud638\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud2b9\ud61c\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\uc0c1 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ud76c\ubc15\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \ub300\uc0c1\uc790\uc758 \uc218\ud6a8\uac00 \uc5c4\uccad\ub098\uac8c \ub9ce\uc73c\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uaddc\ubaa8\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ubc18\ub300\uac00 \ub9ce\uc558\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. OBC\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c1\uc5c5\uacfc \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00 \uc785\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c 27.5%\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc744 \uad8c\uace0\ud588\ub358 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c(Report of Backward Classes Commission, \ub9cc\ub2ec \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub85c \ud754\ud788 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc74c)\uc758 \uad8c\uace0\uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc1c\ud45c\uac00 \uc788\uc790, 1992\ub144\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc218\ud61c\uc790\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uadf9\ub82c \uc2dc\uc704\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc0c1\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ud070 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774 \uc57c\uae30\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ud63c\ub780\uc740 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc288\uac00 \ub420 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ucd5c\uadfc\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c 2016\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\ub728(Jat) \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 OBC \ud3b8\uc785\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud61c\ud0dd\uc774 \ucd95\uc18c\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc790\ub974(Gujjar) \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ubcc0\uacbd\ud574 \uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubd81\uc778\ub3c4 \uc77c\ub300\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud63c\ub780\uc774 \uc57c\uae30\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc704\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub4ef\uc774 \ud2b9\ud788 OBC\uac00 \ub17c\ub780\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\uc654\ub2e4. \uc6b0\uc120 OBC\ub97c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uad8c\uace0\ud55c \ub9cc\ub2ec \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub294 OBC\uc758 \uba85\ub2e8\ub3c4 \ud568\uaed8 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc288\ub4dc\ub77c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\ub358 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \ud6c4\uc9c4\u2018\uacc4\uae09\u2019\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \u2018\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u2019\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uacc4\uce35\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc18\ubc1c\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc911\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\u00b7\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f4\uc545\ud558\uc5ec \ud61c\ud0dd\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ub3c4 \uac70\uc138\uac8c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c OBC\uc758 \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uc778\uad6c\ube44\uc728\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c 1931\ub144 \ud1b5\uacc4\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c OBC\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9 \ube44\uc728 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc2e0\uc744 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<a href=\"#8\">8)<\/a> \ub9ce\uc740 OBC \uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc778\uad6c\ube44\uc728\uc740 1931\ub144\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub192\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \ud560\ub2f9 \ube44\uc728\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ubc1b\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\ub3c4\uc815\ubd80\ub294 2011\ub144 \uc13c\uc11c\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc870\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uacb0\uad6d \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc5d0 \ucca0\ud68c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc870\uc0ac\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud589\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc778\uad6c \ube44\uc728\uc774 \ubc1c\ud45c\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ud6c4\ud3ed\ud48d\uc744 \uc6b0\ub824\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud310\ub2e8\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2701\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2701\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2701\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/India-Protest.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/India-Protest.png 1000w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/India-Protest-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/India-Protest-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/India-Protest-200x133.png 200w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/India-Protest-400x267.png 400w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/India-Protest-600x400.png 600w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/India-Protest-800x534.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2701\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>People from India&#8217;s Gujjar tribe shout slogans as they burn an effigy of Rajasthan state Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot, in New Delhi, India, Dec. 29, 2010. Protesters demanded their reclassification as &#8220;scheduled tribe&#8221; and five percent reservation in government jobs in Rajasthan state. The Gujjars are considered part of the second-lowest group, known as Other Backward Classes, a step up from the Scheduled Tribes and Castes, the lowest classification. (AP Photo\/Mustafa Quraishi)<\/strong><br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: \uc5f0\ud569\ub274\uc2a4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b><i>\uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uac04\uc758 \ubd88\uade0\ub4f1 \ubc1c\uc804 <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\ubcc4 \ubc1c\uc804 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uaca9\ucc28\uac00 \ud06c\uac8c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc790, \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc5f4\uc545\ud558\uc5ec \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \ud61c\ud0dd\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc18c\uc678\ub41c \uc18c\uc218 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uc838\uac14\ub2e4. \uc758\uc11d \ud560\ub2f9\uc740 \uc778\uad6c \ube44\uc728\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uac70\ub300 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \ud6c4\ubcf4\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4dd\ud45c\uc0c1\uc758 \uc774\uc810\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00 \uc785\ud559\uacfc \uacf5\uc9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\ub3c4 \uba3c\uc800 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \uc774\ub8ec \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \ubd80\uc871\ub4e4\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc218\uc900\uc774 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \ub192\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00b7\uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\ub07c\ub9ac\uc758 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uace0\uc9c0\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uc791 \ud560\ub2f9\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc808\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub294 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ub204\ub9b4 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub8ec \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4, \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc5bb\uc740 \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \ub3c4\ubaa8\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(Roy, 1998; Wanjari, 1998).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc778\ub3c4 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd \ud6c4 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 15\ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c 1965\ub144, \uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc778 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \uac1c\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00b7\uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871 \uc2e4\ud0dc\uc870\uc0ac\ub97c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \uc784\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c(Lokur Committee)\uc5d0\uac8c \uc77c\uc784\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub85c\uafb8\ub974 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc81c\ub294 \u2018\ube60\ub978 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70\u2026 \uc124\uc0ac \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc81c\uac00 \uc2dc\ud589\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4\u2026 \uad04\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud07c \ud76c\uc11d\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c\u2019 \ud589\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc9c4\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Department of Social Security, 1965). \ub3d9 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub294 \u2018\ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc120\uc9c4\ud654\ub41c\u2019 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \ube44\ud558\ub974(Bihar), \ubed4\uc7a1(Punjab), \uc6c3\ub530\ub974 \uc058\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc(Uttar Pradesh)\uc758 \uc9dc\ub9c8\ub974(Chamar), \ub9c8\ud558\ub77c\uc288\ub728\ub77c(Maharashtra)\uc640 \ub9c8\ub4dc\uc57c \uc058\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc(Madhya Pradesh)\uc758 \ub9c8\ud558\ub974(Mahar), \uc548\ub4dc\ub77c \uc058\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc\uc758 \ub9d0\ub77c(Mala), \uc11c\ubcb5\uac08(West Bengal)\uc758 \ub3c4\ube44(Dhobi), \ub098\ub9c8\uc218\ub4dc\ub77c(Namasudra), \ub77c\uc988\ubc18\uc2dc(Rajbansi) \ub4f1 14\uac1c \ubd80\uc871\uacfc 28\uac1c\uc758 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \uc5ec\uae30 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a href=\"#9\">9)<\/a> \ub85c\uafb8\ub974 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc9c0\uc815\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc740 \uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871 \uc758\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc758 \uaca9\ub82c\ud55c \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uc2dc\ud589\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4.<a href=\"#10\">10)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub85c\uafb8\ub974 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc815\ubaa9\ub85d\uc5d0\uc11c \ube60\uc838\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc9c0\ubaa9\ub41c \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc120\uc9c4\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubb38\uc790\ud574\ub3c5\ub960\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc9c0\uc801\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub450\uc26c\ud0a8(Dushkin 1972)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc758 \u2018\ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc120\uc9c4\ud654\ub41c\u2019 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0 \uc911 \ubc18 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uc804\uc778\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud3c9\uade0 \ubb38\uc790\ud574\ub3c5\ub960\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc740 \ubb38\uc790\ud574\ub3c5\ub960\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud588\ub2e4. \ub85c\uafb8\ub974 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubb38\uc790\ud574\ub3c5\ub960 \ud1b5\uacc4\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uace0 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc131\uc870\ucc28\ub3c4 \uc77c\ub960\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uacb0\ub860\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub85c\uafb8\ub974 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\ubaa9\ub41c \uc120\uc9c4\ud654\ub41c \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc138\ub300\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ub3c5\uc810\ud574 \uc628 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc9d1\uc548\ub9cc\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc9c4\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\ub3c4 \uacfc\uc5b8\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uc791 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \u2018\uc0c1\ub958\uce35(creamy layer)\u2019\uacfc\uc758<a href=\"#11\">11)<\/a> \uacbd\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uaca8 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc804\ub9dd\uc774 \uc5b4\ub461\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\ud558\uc704\ucffc\ud130 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc640 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc758 \uc81c\ud55c <\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac1c\uc120\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ud604\uc7ac \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc2dc\ud589\ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc218\uc815\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \uc77c\ubd80 \ub2ec\ub9ac\ub728 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc81c\uc548\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc81c\uc548\ub41c \ub300\uc548\uc801 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc694\uc9c0\ub294 \ud604\uc874\ud558\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9 \ucffc\ud130 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \ud558\uc704\ucffc\ud130(sub-quota, quota-in-quota)\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub450\uc790\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \ud558\uc704\ucffc\ud130\uc758 \uc218\ub294 2-3\uac1c\ub85c \ud558\uc790\ub294 \uc548\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00b7\ubd80\uc871\uc5d0\uac8c \uc778\uad6c\ubcc4 \ucffc\ud130\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc790\ub294 \uc548\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\uc704\ucffc\ud130\ub97c \ub450\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uc548\ub4dc\ub77c \uc058\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc785\ubc95\ub418\uc5b4(Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Castes (Rationalisation and Reservation) Act 2000 (AP Act 20 of 2000)) \uc8fc\uc758 \ubc95\ub960\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \ubc94\uc704 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\uc704\ucffc\ud130\uac00 \uc2dc\ud589\ub41c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub3d9 \ubc95\ub960\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc8fc \ub0b4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ubc1c\uc804 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c 4\uac1c\uc758 \uc18c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uace0, \uc785\ud559\uacfc \ucde8\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\uc6d0\ud560\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c 4\uac1c\uc758 \uc18c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uac8c \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ucffc\ud130\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc704\ud5cc\uc2ec\ud310 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc774 \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uc5b4, \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \ub0b4\uc758 \ud558\uc704\ucffc\ud130\ub294 \ud5cc\ubc95 341\uc870\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774 \uacf5\ud3ec\ud55c \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc704\ud5cc\ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \ub3d9 \ubc95\ub960\uc740 \ud3d0\uae30\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(AIR 2005 SC 162).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ud558\uc704\ucffc\ud130\ub97c \ub450\uc790\ub294 \uc758\uacac\uc740 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc778 \ub300\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, \uc704\ud5cc\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub52a\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc740 2010\ub144 3\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc911\uc559 \uc0c1\uc6d0\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\ud55c \uc5ec\uc131\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc5ec\uc131\ucffc\ud130 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uacfc \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \ucffc\ud130\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub450\ub294 \ud558\uc704\ucffc\ud130\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uc5ec\uc131\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc6d0\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub420 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ud5a5\ud6c4 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub07c\uce60 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc778\ub3c4 \ud558\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774 \ubc95\uc548\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2ec\uc758\uc640 \ud45c\uacb0\uc744 10\ub144\uc9f8 \ubbf8\ub8e8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc911 \uc0c1\ub958\uce35\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9 \ud61c\ud0dd \ub3c5\uc810\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uc778\ub3c4 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc5d0 \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \ub450\ub294 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub4dd \uc218\uc900\uacfc \ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \uc9c1\uc5c5, \uc790\uc0b0\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\uc900\uce58\ub97c \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec OBC\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc218\ud61c\ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc678\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uaddc\uc815\uc740 2018\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00b7\ubd80\uc871\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc2b9\uc9c4 \uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uaddc\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc5d0 \u2018\uacc4\uae09\u2019\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uae09\uc73c\ub85c<\/b><b>?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\uc785\ub41c \uac83\uc740 2019\ub144 1\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc81c 103\ucc28 \uac1c\ud5cc\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \uac1c\ud5cc\uc740 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c \ud5cc\ubc95 \uc81c 15\uc870\uc640 16\uc870\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac83\uc778\ub370, \uae30\uc874\uc758 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\u00b7\uad50\uc721\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud6c4\uc9c4 \uacc4\uae09 \uc774\uc678\uc5d0 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84(economically weaker section)\uc5d0\uac8c 10%\uc758 \ud55c\ub3c4 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae30\uc874\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud3b8\uc785\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubd80\uc871\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uc774\uc678\uc5d0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 OBC\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacc4\uae09\uae4c\uc9c0 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc544 \uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uac1c\ud5cc\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc774 \ubd88\uacfc 4\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc804\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc544\uc9c1 \uacc4\uae09\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ucde8\uc57d \uacc4\uce35\uc5d0\uac8c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc904\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc544\uc9c1\uc740 \uc815\ud574\uc9c4 \ubc14\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\uc2dc \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uad00\ub828 \ubc95\ub960\uc758 \uac1c\uc815\uc774\ub098 \uc785\ubc95\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ud574\uc838\uc57c \ud558\uae30\uc5d0, \uc815\ubd80\uc640 \uc758\ud68c \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \ub17c\uc758\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \uacc4\uae09\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\uc81c\ucc45\uc774 \ub420\uc9c0, \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc62c\uc9c0 \uc544\uc9c1\uc740 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud558\uba70, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \uc720\ubcf4\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uba85\ud655\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ubc88 \uac1c\ud5cc\uc5d0\uc11c \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uacc4\uae09\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uae34 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc804\ud658\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub420 \ub9cc\ud55c \ud070 \ubcc0\ud654\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\ud55c \ub300\uc6b0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\uc654\ub358 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uc0c1\uc801 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uad6c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ud6c4 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \ud070 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ub17c\ub780\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub3c4\uc785\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4\uc640 \ud30c\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \uc8fc\ub41c \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub113\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \uac01\uac01\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uadf9\uc801 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ub300\uc0c1\uc790\uac00 \ub204\uad6c\uc778\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud569\uc758\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud574\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \uc778\ub3c4 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc740 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \uacc4\uce35\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uc758\uac00 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131\uc744 \uc7ac\uc124\uc815\ud55c \uac1c\ud5cc\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc9c8\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uace7 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc774\uba70, \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\ub9cc\uc774 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ucca9\uacbd\uc774\ub77c \ubbff\uc5c8\ub358 \uacfc\uac70 \uc778\ub3cc\ub85c\uc9c0 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud0c4\ud575 \ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub77c\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc758 \ubbff\uc74c\uc740 \uc27d\uc0ac\ub9ac \ubc14\ub00c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ub300\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uad73\uac74\ud788 \uc9c0\ud0a4\ub294 \uc694\uc18c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ud3d0\ud574\ub97c \uc904\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \uac1c\ud5cc\uc774 \uac00\uc838\uc628 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \u2018\uacc4\uae09\u2019 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uac00 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uae09 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uae38\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc130\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><b>\uc800\uc790\uc18c\uac1c<\/b><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uc774\uc9c0\uc740(jieunlee333@hotmail.com)<\/strong>\uc740<br \/>\n\ud55c\uad6d\uc678\uad6d\uc5b4\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc778\ub3c4\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c HK\uc5f0\uad6c\uad50\uc218\uc774\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4 \uc790\uc640\ud560\ub784\ub124\ub8e8\ub300\ud559\uad50(Jawaharlal Nehru University)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\ub3c4\uadfc\ud604\ub300\uc0ac \uc804\uacf5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ud654\uc5ec\ub300, \uc11c\uac15\ub300, \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\ub974\uce58\uace0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc774\ud6c4 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ucd94\uc774, \ubc18(\u53cd)\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud568\uaed8 \uc9c0\uc740 \ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \u300e\ud0c8\uc11c\uad6c\uc911\uc2ec\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c\uac00: \ube44\uc11c\uad6c\uc801 \uc131\ucc30\uacfc \ub300\uc751\u300f, \u300e\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc778\ub3c4\uc0ac\u300f \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"1\">1. \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc778\ub3c4\ub294 \uc601\ub839\uc778\ub3c4(British India)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub838\uc73c\uba70 \uc601\uad6d\uc655\uc744 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uad70\uc8fc\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc774\ud6c4 1950\ub144 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uc815\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc778\ub3c4\ub294 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc601\uad6d\uc655\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70, \uc120\ucd9c\ub41c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc744 \uad6d\uac00\uc218\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uacf5\ud654\uc81c\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"2\">2. \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc(\uf967\u53ef\u89f8\u8ce4\u6c11)\uc740 \ubd81\uc778\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ucbb8\ub728(Achhut)\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub358 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uacc4\uc11c\uc81c\uc758 \ucd5c\ud558\uc704\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \u2018\uc544\ucbb8\ub728\u2019\uac00 \u2018\uc190\uc744 \ub308 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294\u2019, \u2018\ub9cc\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294\u2019 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac16\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uadf8 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc0b4\ub824 \ubc88\uc5ed\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uc544\ucbb8\ub728\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uac16\ub294 \u2018\uac00\uc7a5 \ub354\ub7ec\uc6b0\uba70, \uc811\ucd09\ud558\uba74 \uc624\uc5fc\uc744 \uc62e\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uc758\ub840\uc0c1\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uaca9\ub9ac\ub418\uace0 \ucc28\ubcc4\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"3\">3. \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09(Depressed Classes)\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub838\ub358 \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub358 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300 \ub3d9\uc548 \uacf5\uc2dd \ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub2e4\uac00 1935\ub144 \uc778\ub3c4\uc815\ubd80\ubc95\ubd80\ud130 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8(Scheduled Castes)\ub77c\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"4\">4. \ube44\ube0c\ub77c\ubbfc(non-Brahmin)\uc740 \ub370\uce78\uacfc \ub0a8\uc778\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ube0c\ub77c\ubbfc\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc704\uacc4\uc758 \ucd5c\uc0c1\uc704\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub3c5\uc810\ud558\ub358 \ube0c\ub77c\ubbfc\uc774 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc815\ubd80\uc640 \uac01 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc655\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uad00\uc9c1\uc744 \ub3c5\uc810\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \ub290\ub080 \ub0a8\uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uac1c\ud601\ud30c\ub294 \ube44\ube0c\ub77c\ubbfc\uc5d0\uac8c \uad00\uc9c1\uc758 \uc77c\uc815 \ube44\uc728\uc744 \ud560\ub2f9\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ud3bc\ucce4\uace0, 1921\ub144 \ub9c8\ub4dc\ub77c\uc2a4 \uc8fc\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \uc218\uc6a9\ud588\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"5\">5. \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8(Scheduled Castes)\ub294 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub358 \ud558\uce35\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc9c0\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\uc801 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc218\ucc9c \uac1c\uac00 \ub118\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ud30c\uc545\ub41c \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8(\uc790\ub760) \uc911 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ub204\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uc77c\ub78c\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \uc77c\ub78c\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \u2018\uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u2019\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"6\">6.\u00a0\uc6d0\ud0c1\ud68c\uc758\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc120\uac70\uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub17c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc18c\uc218\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub300\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc120\uac70\uad8c\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\ub290\ub0d0\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \uaca9\ub860\uc744 \ubc8c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc138\ubd80\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc288\ub294 \uc120\uac70\uad6c\uc81c\ub97c \ub2e8\uc77c\ub85c \ud558\ub290\ub0d0, \uc77c\ubc18\/\uc9c0\uc815 \uc120\uac70\uad6c\uc81c\uc758 \uc774\uc911\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub290\ub0d0, \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc911\ud22c\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub290\ub0d0 \ub4f1 \uc8fc\ub85c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc640 \uc5f0\uad00\ub41c \ubb38\uc81c\uc600\ub2e4. 1932\ub144 \uc601\uad6d \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c \ucee4\ubba4\ub110 \uc5b4\uc6cc\ub4dc(Communal Award)\ub294 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc, \uc2dc\ud06c\uad50\ub3c4, \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4, \uc601\uad6d\uacc4 \uc778\ub3c4\uc778, \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc885\ub798\ucc98\ub7fc \ubd84\ub9ac\uc120\uac70\uc640 \uc758\uc11d \ud560\ub2f9\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uba70, \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uacfc \uc9c0\uc815, \ub450 \uc885\ub958 \uc120\uac70\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac01\uac01 1\ud45c\uc529 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\uc911\ud22c\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc758\uc11d\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\ub97c \uc77c\ubc18\uc120\uac70\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc120\ucd9c\ud560 \uad8c\ub9ac\uc640, \uc9c0\uc815\uc120\uac70\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\ub97c \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \ub9cc\uc758 \ud22c\ud45c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ud560 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud55c \uac04\ub514(M. K. Gandhi)\uc758 \u2018\uc8fd\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \ub2e8\uc2dd\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uad6d \uc774\uc911\ud22c\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud558\ub294 \ubfcc\ub098\ud611\uc815\uc774 \uccb4\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac\uc120\uac70\ub294 \uc88c\uc808\ub418\uace0 \ub9d0\uc558\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"7\">7.\u00a0\uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc \ucde8\uae09\uc744 \ubc1b\ub358 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \ud569\uc758\ub41c \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc815\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4. \ub610, \ud78c\ub450 \uc8fc\ub958\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc77c\uc6d0\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uace0\uc720\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uba70 \uc0ac\ub294 \ubd80\uc871\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc774\ubbf8 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\ub3c4 \uc774\ud6c4 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 Creamy layer \ub17c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc138\ub300\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc544 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \ubc1c\uc804\ud55c \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ub3c5\uc810\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"8\">8.\u00a0\ub9e4 10\ub144\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub418\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc13c\uc11c\uc2a4 \uc870\uc0ac\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ubcc4 \uc778\uad6c \uc870\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9 \ube44\uc728\uc740 \uc778\uad6c \uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\uad6c \ube44\uc728\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc815\ud574\uc9c0\ub294\ub370 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec, \ud604\uc7ac \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 OBC \ud560\ub2f9\uc758 \ube44\uc728\uc740 1931\ub144 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"9\">9.\u00a0\uc9c0\uc5ed\uacfc \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc774\ub984\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \uc8fc\ub97c \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ud574\uc9c0\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989, \uac19\uc740 \ub3c4\ube44 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \uc11c\ubcb5\uac08\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc774\ub098, \uc6c3\ub530\ub974\uc058\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc \ub4f1\uc758 \uc5ec\ud0c0 \uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \uc544\ub2d0 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"10\">10.\u00a0\uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00b7\ubd80\uc871 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc628 \uc758\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00b7\ubd80\uc871\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ubaa9\ub85d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uc790\ub294 \ub85c\uafb8\ub974 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc81c\uc548\uc5d0 \ucc2c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae30\ub300\ud558\uae30\ub294 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b8 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<div id=\"11\">11.\u00a0Creamy layer\ub780 OBC \uc911 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud55c \uc77c\ubd80 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uacfc \uadf8 \uac00\uc871\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ubc88\uc5ed\uc5b4\ub97c \ucc3e\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc5ec \u2018\uc0c1\ub958\uce35\u2019\uc774\ub77c \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc0c1\ub958\uce35\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c \uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc911 \ucd5c\uc0c1\uc704 \uacc4\uce35\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\u00b7\ubd80\uc871 \uc911\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0c1\ub958\uce35\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc801\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 2018\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc2b9\uc9c4\uc2dc\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc774\uc9c0\uc740. 2010. \u201c\uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc778\ub3c4 \uc815\uc6d0\ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\u2014\uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc81c\ud55c\uacfc \ubd88\uade0\ub4f1 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ubcf8 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810\uacfc \uadf8 \uac1c\uc120\uc548.\u201d \u300e\uc778\ub3c4\uc5f0\uad6c\u300f 15\uad8c 2\ud638, 109-137.<\/li>\n<li>\ucd5c\uc815\uc6b1. 2017. \u300e\uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ucde8\uc57d\uce35\uacfc \uc6b0\ub300\uc815\ucc45\u300f. \uc11c\uc6b8: \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c\ucf58\ud150\uce20.<\/li>\n<li>Chandra, Bipan. 2009. <i>History of Modern India<\/i>. Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan.<\/li>\n<li>Chandran E. n.d. <i>Issues in Reservations-Caste Versus Economic Status<\/i>, Bombay: Cosmos Bookhive.<\/li>\n<li>Cohn, Bernard B. 1987. <i>An Anthropologist among the Historians and Other Essays<\/i>. Delhi: Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Dushkin, Lelah. 1972. \u201cScheduled Caste Politics.\u201d in J. M. Mahar, ed. <i>The Untouchables in Contemporary India.<\/i> Jaipur: Rawat.<\/li>\n<li>Government of India. 1933. <i>Census of India 1931 Imperial Table.<\/i> New Delhi: The Superintendent, Printing and Stationery, Government of India.<\/li>\n<li>Roy, Abhijit. 1998. \u201cDeprived SC Subcastes Feel Cheated by Privileged Dalits.\u201d <i>Dalit Voice <\/i>18(2), 9-10.<\/li>\n<li>Sharma, B. A. V. 1982. \u201cDevelopment of Reservation Policy.\u201d in B. A. V. Sharma and K. M. Reddy, eds. <i>Reservation Policy in India.<\/i> New Delhi: Light and Light Publications.<\/li>\n<li>Wanjari, Vinod 1998. \u201cMahars Cornering Reservations Has Deprived Mangs &amp; Chamars.\u201d <i>Dalit Voice<\/i> 18(2), 7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>*\ubcf8 \uae30\uace0\ubb38\uc740 \uc804\ubb38\uac00 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc758\uacac\uc73c\ub85c, \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc640 \uc758\uacac\uc774 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubc1d\ud799\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\u110b\u1175\u11ab\u1103\u1169\u110b\u1174-\u110f\u1161\u1109\u1173\u1110\u1173\u110b\u116a-\u1109\u1169\u1109\u116e\u110c\u1175\u11b8\u1103\u1161\u11ab-\u1100\u1173\u1105\u1175\u1100\u1169-\u1112\u1161\u11af\u1103\u1161\u11bc\u110c\u1166-\u1102\u1169\u11ab\u1105\u1161\u11ab.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1248\" src=\"http:\/\/diverseasia.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/pdf.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" \/>PDF \ud30c\uc77c \ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc624\ub79c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc131\uc744 \uba74\uce58 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ucd09\ucc9c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uc0c1\uc801 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc2e4\ud604\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub85c \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \uba85\uc2dc\ub418\uba74\uc11c \ud655\uace0\ud55c \ubc95\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc2dc\ud589\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \ub0ae\uc740 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc9c0\uc704\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ucc28\ubcc4\ubc1b\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \uaca9\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc0b4\uc544\uc628 \uc9c0\uc815\ubd80\uc871, \uadf8 \uc678\uc5d0 \uae30\ud0c0\ud6c4\uc9c4\uacc4\uae09, \uc138 \ubc94\uc8fc\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc785\ubc95\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc758\uc11d, \uad50\uc721\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc785\ud559\uc815\uc6d0, \uacf5\uacf5\ubd80\ubb38 \uace0\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc778\uad6c \ube44\uc728\ub9cc\ud07c\uc758 \uc815\uc6d0\ud560\ub2f9\uacfc \uc608\uc0b0 \ud560\ub2f9\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud574\uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uce74\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ud61c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, 2019\ub144 \uac1c\ud5cc\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uae09\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ud560\ub2f9\uc81c\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc81c\ub3c4 \uc790\uccb4\uc640 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ud070 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc608\uace0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2700,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1647,1655],"tags":[979,1071,535,1529,1605],"class_list":{"0":"post-2697","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-1647","8":"category-diverseasia","9":"tag-979","10":"tag-1071","11":"tag-535","12":"tag-1529","13":"tag-1605"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2697"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8224,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2697\/revisions\/8224"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2700"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}