{"id":12219,"date":"2026-10-14T19:00:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T19:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/?p=12219"},"modified":"2026-10-16T07:39:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T07:39:29","slug":"who-controls-the-digital-public-space-rethinking-freedom-in-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/?p=12219","title":{"rendered":"Who Controls the Digital Public Space? Rethinking Freedom in Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2,\r\n                .tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_2,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_2 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_2:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_2:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_4  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_acf field_group=&#8221;99&#8243; field_from_99=&#8221;field_606aa6f1c30dd&#8221; align=&#8221;right&#8221;]<div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_empty_space td_block_wrap vc_empty_space tdi_6 \"  style=\"height: 10px\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12226\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12226\" style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12226 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"696\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-336x420.jpg 336w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-150x188.jpg 150w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-300x375.jpg 300w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-696x870.jpg 696w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01-1068x1335.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vani_01.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12226\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u201c\ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc815\uc758\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4\u201d: \ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub9ac\ud2f0\uac00 \uc815\uc758 \uc7c1\uc810\uc758 \uacf5\uc801 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd<\/strong><br \/>\ucd9c\ucc98: Rawayan Getih, BEM Kema FIP, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uac00<\/strong> <strong>\uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc774<\/strong> <strong>\ub418\uc5c8\uc744<\/strong> <strong>\ub54c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4(social media)\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc720\ud1b5\ub418\uace0 \ud3ed\ub113\uc740 \ub3c5\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc18c\ud1b5 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc758\uacac\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uace0, \uacf5\uc801 \uc7c1\uc810\uc744 \ub17c\uc758\ud558\uba70, \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \ube44\ud310\ud558\uace0, \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uace0, \uacf5\ub3d9\ud589\ub3d9(collective action)\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc6b4\ub3d9(social movements)\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubcc0\ud654\ub294 \ucd5c\uadfc \uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544 \uc815\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\ud788 \ub69c\ub837\ud558\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uac04(digital space)\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uacfc \uac10\uc815, \uad00\uc810\uc744 \ud138\uc5b4\ub193\ub294 \u2018curhat(\uac1c\uc778\uc801 \uacbd\ud5d8 \uacf5\uc720)\u2019 \uad00\ud589\uc774\ub2e4. \u201c\uacf5\uc778\uc774 \uc774 \uad00\ud589\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud560 \ub54c \ud2b9\ud788 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc774 \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uc5f0\uc1c4\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc77c\uc73c\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc870\ucf54 \uc704\ub3c4\ub3c4(Joko Widodo) \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 \uad6d\uc815\uc5f0\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c curhat \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub41c \ub300\ubaa9\ub4e4\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\uc6d0\uc218\uc758 \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb34\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc774\ud6c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc6a9\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc7ac\uc778\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \ub17c\uc758\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\u201d(Lim 2025, 44).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \ub300\ud654\uc640 \uacf5\uc801 \uc18c\ud1b5\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc810\uc810 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 curhat\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ub760\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uac8c\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ub17c\ud3c9\ud558\uba70 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uba74 \uacf5\uc801 \ub300\ud654\ub85c \ubc14\ub014 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \ub113\ud788\ub294 \ub370 \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uacf5\uc801 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uacfc \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc5bb\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\ub3c4 \ubc14\uafb8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uac00 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5(public space)\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ubaa8\ud558\ub294 \uc591\uc0c1\uc740 \u201c\ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc815\uc758\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4(no viral, no justice)\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub09c\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544 \ub124\ud2f0\uc98c\uc740 \uc774 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubc95\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774\ub098 \ubd80\uc815\uc758\uac00 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub420 \ub54c \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc778\uc2dd\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4. \u201c\uc774 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \ube44\ub098(Vina) \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub54c \ucc98\uc74c \uc0dd\uae34 \uc77c\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc55e\uc11c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uac04\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc95\uc801\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uacf5\uc801 \ud1a0\ub860\uc758 \uc7a5\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 2016\ub144 \uc81c\uc2dc\uce74 \u2018\uccad\uc0b0\uac00\ub9ac \ucee4\ud53c\u2019 \uc0ac\uac74(Jessica \u2018Cyanide Coffee\u2019 case), 2019\ub144 #JusticeForAudrey \ud574\uc2dc\ud0dc\uadf8\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ud559\uad50\ud3ed\ub825 \uc0ac\uac74, 2021\ub144 \ub178\ube44\uc544 \uc704\ub514\uc544(Novia Widya) \uc0ac\uac74, 2022\ub144 \ud398\ub974\ub514 \uc0bc\ubcf4(Ferdy Sambo)\uac00 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \ube0c\ub9ac\uac8c\ub514\uc5b4 J(Brigadier J) \uc0b4\ud574 \uc0ac\uac74, 2023\ub144 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc624 \ub304\ub514(Mario Dandy) \ud3ed\ud589 \uc0ac\uac74\uacfc \uc544\ub514 \ud504\ub77c\ubaa8\ub178(Adhi Pramono)\uc758 \uacfc\uc2dc\uc801 \ubd80\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \ub17c\ub780\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4\u201d(Kharisma 2024, 103\u2013104).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub7f0 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub124\ud2f0\uc98c\uc740 \ubc95 \uc9d1\ud589\uae30\uad00\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uc2dd \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uacf5\uc801 \uc555\ub825\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0 \ub354 \ud070 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc3e0\ub9ac\uac8c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \u201c\ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc815\uc758\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4\u201d\uc640 curhat\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uba74, \uacf5\uc801 \ucc38\uc5ec(public participation)\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a8\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. curhat\uc740 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uacf5\uc801 \ub300\ud654\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8\uac00\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, \ubc95\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub300\ud654\uac00 \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc744 \ud5a5\ud55c \uc694\uad6c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\uc81c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc740 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uac00 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc778\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0\ub9cc \uba38\ubb3c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131(visibility)\uacfc \ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub9ac\ud2f0(virality), \uacf5\uc801 \ucc38\uc5ec\uac00 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc88c\uc6b0\ub418\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc774 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294\uac00\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ub514\uc9c0\ud138<\/strong> <strong>\uc790\uc720\uc758<\/strong> <strong>\uacbd\uacc4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uac00 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc5f4\ub9dd\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74, \uadf8 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0\uc778\uac00\ub77c\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc774 \ub4a4\ub530\ub978\ub2e4. \uc18c\ud1b5 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \ub354 \ub113\uc740 \ub300\uc911 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ubc1d\ud790 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ubc95\uc758 \uaddc\uc728\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uacf5\uac04 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\ub3d9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud574 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub110\ub9ac \ub17c\uc758\ub418\ub294 \uaddc\uc81c \uccb4\uacc4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc815\ubcf4\uac70\ub798\ubc95(Electronic Information and Transactions Law, UU ITE)\uc73c\ub85c, \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uacfc \uc18c\ud1b5\uc744 \uaddc\uc728\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc801 \ud2c0\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uaddc\uc81c\ub294 \uae34\uc7a5\uc744 \ub0b3\ub294\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uce59\uc740 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ub0a8\uc6a9\uacfc \ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\ub97c \ub07c\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0 \ubc95 \uc870\ud56d\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \ube44\ud310\uacfc \uc704\ubc95 \ud589\uc704, \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \uc790\uc720(freedom of expression) \uc81c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\uac00 \uc5b4\ub514\uc778\uc9c0 \ubb3b\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc740 \uc815\ubd80\ub098 \uacf5\uc9c1\uc790\ub97c \ube44\ud310\ud558\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub420 \ub54c \ud2b9\ud788 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uaddc\uc81c\ub294 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc870\uce58\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uacf5\uc801 \ube44\ud310\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc5f4\ub9dd\uc744 \ud45c\ucd9c\ud560 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uc810\uc810 \uc881\uc544\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc6b0\ub824\ub3c4 \ub0b3\ub294\ub2e4. 2026\ub144 8\uc6d4, \ud504\ub77c\ubcf4\uc6cc \uc218\ube44\uc548\ud1a0(Prabowo Subianto) \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 \uc774\ub780 \uad00\ub828 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uac8c\uc2dc\ubb3c\uacfc \ub313\uae00 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc790\ubc14 \uacbd\ucc30(West Java Police)\uc774 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uc774\uc6a9\uc790 \ub450 \uba85\uc744 \uccb4\ud3ec\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae34\uc7a5\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0ac\ub2e4(Yerica Lai, Jakarta Post, 2026). \uacbd\ucc30\uc740 \ud574\ub2f9 \ucf58\ud150\uce20\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ubc1c\uacfc \uc120\ub3d9(provocation and incitement)\uc758 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 ITE\ubc95\uacfc \ud615\ubc95 \uc870\ud56d\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc778\uad8c\ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0 \ud615\uc0ac \uc870\ud56d\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c \ub370 \uc758\ubb38\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uba70 \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \uc704\ucd95\uc744 \uc6b0\ub824\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ub313\uae00\uc774 \uacf5\uc801 \ub300\ud654\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc95 \uc9d1\ud589\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uc81c\ud55c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c\ub9cc \uc774\ud574\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub354 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubc95\uacfc \uc81c\ub3c4, \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc7a5\uce58\uac00 \uc790\uc720 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\ub294 \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc1c\uc5b8 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub208\uc5d0 \ub744\uace0, \ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub418\uace0, \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744\uc9c0\ub294 \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc790\uac00 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc720\ud1b5\ub418\uace0 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c0\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc88c\uc6b0\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58\ub3c4 \ub3c4\uc785\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9c0\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5(digital public space)\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ud55c\uce35 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ub113\ud78c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \uacf5\uac04\uc740 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc7a5\uce58\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uad6c\uc870\ud654\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc740 \ub204\uac00 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294\uac00\uc5d0 \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uadf8 \uacf5\uac04 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\ub294\uac00\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc740 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4f1\uc7a5(appearance), \uc7ac\ud604(representation), \uc2dc\ubbac\ub77c\uc2dc\uc639(simulation)\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\ub294\uc9c0 \ub354 \uae4a\uc774 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc5ed\uc124\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \uaddc\uc728\ud558\ub294 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4, \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcfc \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ub4f1\uc7a5\uacfc \uc2dc\ubbac\ub77c\uc2dc\uc639 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \ud604\uc2e4 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc774\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uc601\uc0c1\uacfc \uc0ac\uc9c4, \ub313\uae00, \ud574\uc2dc\ud0dc\uadf8, \u2018\uc88b\uc544\uc694\u2019 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc7ac\ud604\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \uc811\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \uc120\ud0dd\ub418\uace0, \ud2c0\uc774 \uc50c\uc6cc\uc9c0\uace0, \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uace0, \uc720\ud1b5\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7a5 \ubcf4\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub974(Jean Baudrillard)\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub77c\uc2dc\uc639\uacfc \ud558\uc774\ud37c\ub9ac\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0(hyperreality) \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc7ac\ud604\uc774 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub974\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uacfc \uadf8 \uc7ac\ud604\uc744 \uad6c\ubcc4\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc810\uc810 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\uc9c4 \ud604\ub300\uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf8\ub2e4(Mendoza 2010, 45). \u300e\uc2dc\ubbac\ub77c\ud06c\ub974\uc640 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub77c\uc2dc\uc639\u300f(Simulacra and Simulation)\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uae30\ud638(sign)\uac00 \ub354\ub294 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc744 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uba70 \ubcf8\ub798 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud558\ub358 \ud604\uc2e4\uc744 \ub300\uccb4\ud558\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub77c\uc2dc\uc639\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4(Wernick 2010, 199).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uac00 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc870\ud68c\ub41c \uc601\uc0c1 \ud074\ub9bd\uc774\ub098 \u2018\uc88b\uc544\uc694\u2019\ub97c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubc1b\uc740 \ub313\uae00, \uac00\uc7a5 \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ud574\uc2dc\ud0dc\uadf8, \uac00\uc7a5 \ub110\ub9ac \uacf5\uc720\ub41c \uc11c\uc0ac\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc744 \ub354 \uc790\uc8fc \uc811\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc778\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub9ac\ud2f0\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \uc720\ud1b5 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub9cc \ub192\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\uc911\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud604\uc2e4 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \ud558\uc774\ud37c\ub9ac\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \ub370 \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc2e4\uc81c \uc7c1\uc810\uc774 \ub300\uc911 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud604\ub300\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ud638\uc640 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub77c\uc2dc\uc639\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uc591\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud55c \ubcf4\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub974\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac, \ud55c\ub098 \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8(Hannah Arendt)\ub294 \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \ub9fa\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uad00\uacc4 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ucc3e\ub294\ub2e4. \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\ub294 \u300e\ud601\uba85\ub860\u300f(On Revolution)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\ubc29(liberation)\uacfc \uc790\uc720(freedom)\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uacf5\uc801 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0, \ub9d0\ud558\uace0, \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4(Arendt 1990, 29\u201330). \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uc720\ub780 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc81c\uc57d\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\ub2e4(Arendt 1990, 29\u201330). \uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\uc740 \u300e\uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc870\uac74\u300f(The Human Condition)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc2dc\ub41c \ud589\uc704(action) \uac1c\ub150\uacfc \uae34\ubc00\ud788 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc801 \uc0b6(vita activa)\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9(labor), \uc791\uc5c5(work), \ud589\uc704 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc11c\ub3c4, \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uc131(plurality)\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud55c\ub2e4(Walsh 2011, 125).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc740 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uae38\uc744 \uc5f4\uc5b4\uc900\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uace0, \ube44\ud310\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uace0, \uacf5\uc801 \ub300\ud654\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc7c1\uc810\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \ubaa8\uc744 \ub54c \ud0c0\uc778 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uae30\uc874 \uc5b8\ub860\uae30\uad00\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\uc2dd \uc815\uce58 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ud544\uc694\ub97c \uc904\uc5ec \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ub113\ud78c\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc740 \uacf5\uc801 \ub300\ud654\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0 \uc3e0\ub9b0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc740 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\uac00 \uad6c\uc0c1\ud55c \uacf5\uc801 \uacf5\uac04\uacfc \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub514\uc9c0\ud138\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc874\uc7ac\uac10\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uc120\ud0dd \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \uac16\ucd98 \ud654\uba74\uacfc \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774 \uc9c0\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub974\uc640 \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\ub294 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0, \ub9d0\ud558\uace0, \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ub113\ud788\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \ubcf4\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub974\ub294 \uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uacfc \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a8\uc758 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uae30\ud638\uc640 \uc7ac\ud604, \uc2dc\ubbac\ub77c\uc2dc\uc639\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ubbf8 \uac00\ub4dd \ucc28 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uacb0\ucf54 \uc911\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\ub294 \ub300\uc911 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ub113\ud788\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0, \ubcf4\uc774\uace0, \ubbff\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ubc14\uafbc\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc7c1\uc810\uc740 \uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud560 \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uacfc \ud604\uc2e4\uc774 \uc7ac\ud604\ub418\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud560 \uc790\uc720\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc740 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \ub9d0\uc774 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uc758 \uc720\ud1b5\ub9dd\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac04 \ub4a4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \ub192\uc740 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \ud604\uc2e4 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ub300\ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud604\uc2e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uc744 \uc88c\uc6b0\ud558\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud615\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ub514\uc9c0\ud138<\/strong> <strong>\uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c<\/strong> <strong>\uc790\uc720\ub97c<\/strong> <strong>\ub2e4\uc2dc<\/strong> <strong>\uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub2e4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ubcf4\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub974\uc640 \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uad50\ucc28\ud574 \ubcf4\uba74, \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8\ub294 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc758 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc774\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac1c\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uacf5\uc801 \ub300\ud654\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub0bc \uc790\ub9ac\uac00 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc838\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8\ub294 \ubc1c\ud654\uc758 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc774\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc740 \ub300\ud654 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc138\ub825\uc774 \uc88c\uc6b0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc870\uac74 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc0dd\uac01\uacfc \uacbd\ud5d8, \ube44\ud310\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ub204\ub824\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc14b\uc9f8\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc774\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\uac00 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \uc0b6\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc38\uc5ec\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0, \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub420 \ub54c \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc138 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\ub294 \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uae30\ud638\uc640 \ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uadf8\uc800 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\ub294 \ub370 \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc131\ucc30\ud558\uace0 \uc758\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uae00\uc740 \u2018\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uc801 \uc790\uc720(digital public freedom)\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \ubb34\uc81c\ud55c\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ub73b\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud560 \uc790\uc720\ub9cc\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uc801 \uc790\uc720\ub780 \uae30\uc220\uacfc \ubc95, \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc, \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uc758 \uc7a5\uce58\uac00 \ub9e4\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc801 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc758\ubbf8 \uc788\uac8c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0, \ub9d0\ud558\uace0, \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uace0, \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uaddc\uc81c\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc5c6\uc560\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uaddc\uc81c\uac00 \uacf5\uc801 \uc0ac\uc548\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc744 \ud6fc\uc190\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc774 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud1b5\uc81c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uace0\ub974\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud1b5\uc81c\ub294 \uad8c\ub825\uc758 \ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uacfc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998, \uc0ac\ud68c \uaddc\ubc94, \uc774\uc6a9\uc790 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uc6a9\uc790 \uc790\uc2e0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uad00\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc774\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uccb4\uacc4\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb34\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc740 \ub04a\uc784\uc5c6\uc774 \ud611\uc0c1\ub418\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc774\ub2e4. \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uc9c0\ub3c4, \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc81c\ub418\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc548\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uacfc \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uad6d\uac00, \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc, \uae30\uc220 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uad00\uacc4 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \ud575\uc2ec \uacfc\uc81c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \uc5c6\uc560\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uadf8 \uacbd\uacc4\uac00 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0, \ub9d0\ud558\uace0, \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uace0, \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6b0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \u201c\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc740 \ub204\uac00 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294\uac00?\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub2f5\ub9cc \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud589\uc704\uc790\uc640 \uc7a5\uce58\uac00 \ud1b5\uc81c\ub825\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uac16\uace0, \ud604\uc2e4\uacfc \uacf5\uc801 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\uac00 \uac00\uc2dc\ud654\ub418\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \ud615\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \ubbf8\ub798\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc98\ubc8c\ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uc758 \ub9e4\uac1c\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294 \uacf5\ub860\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0, \uacf5\uc801 \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uba70, \ud568\uaed8 \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uc5ed\ub7c9\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Who Controls the Digital Public Space? Rethinking Freedom in Indonesia<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>When Social Media Became a Public Space<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Social media has become a powerful means of communication, enabling information to circulate rapidly and reach a wide audience. Today, social media has become a space where people can express their opinions, discuss public issues, criticize the government, build solidarity, and even organize collective actions or social movements. This has become particularly visible in recent developments in Indonesian politics. One phenomenon that has emerged is the practice of <em>curhat<\/em>, or the sharing of personal experiences, feelings, and perspectives in digital spaces. \u201cThe phenomenon becomes particularly interesting when it involves public figures, as their personal statements can trigger a series of responses from the public. In the case of President Joko Widodo\u2019s state address, for example, passages that took the form of <em>curhat<\/em> did not remain merely as personal remarks by a head of state, but were subsequently reproduced and discussed by users across various social media platforms\u201d (Lim 2025, 44).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This phenomenon demonstrates that the boundary between personal conversation and public communication is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain in digital spaces. What initially takes the form of a personal <em>curhat<\/em> can become a public conversation when it is reproduced, commented on, and shared by other users. Social media, therefore, does not merely expand the spaces in which people can speak; it also transforms how personal experiences acquire public visibility and meaning. This transformation of social media as a public space is also evident in the emergence of the phenomenon known as <em>\u201c<\/em><em>no viral, no justice.<\/em><em>\u201d<\/em> The expression is used by Indonesian netizens to describe the perception that legal cases or instances of injustice are more likely to receive public attention when they go viral on social media. \u201cThe phenomenon resurfaced in the Vina case, but it was not an isolated occurrence. Previously, digital spaces had already become arenas for public discussion surrounding various legal and social cases, including the Jessica \u2018Cyanide Coffee\u2019 case in 2016, the bullying case known through the hashtag #JusticeForAudrey in 2019, the Novia Widya case in 2021, the murder of Brigadier J involving Ferdy Sambo in 2022, and the assault case involving Mario Dandy and the controversy surrounding Adhi Pramono\u2019s displays of wealth in 2023\u201d (Kharisma 2024, 103\u2013104).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this context, netizens, who do not formally possess the authority of law enforcement institutions, can nevertheless generate public pressure and bring greater attention to particular cases. When these two phenomena\u2014\u201c<em>no viral, no justice<\/em>\u201d and <em>curhat<\/em>\u2014are considered together, they reveal different forms of public participation. While <em>curhat<\/em> demonstrates how personal experiences can move into public conversation, legal cases illustrate how digital conversations can develop into demands directed toward public institutions. The question, therefore, is no longer simply whether social media constitutes a public space, but rather what kind of public space is emerging when visibility, virality, and public participation increasingly depend on the logic of digital media?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The Boundaries of Digital Freedom<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If social media has become a space where people can speak and express their aspirations, this raises an important question about the boundaries of freedom within such spaces. As a means of communication, social media expands opportunities for individuals to express their views before a wider public. Yet this freedom operates within a space that is also regulated by law. In Indonesia, one of the most widely discussed regulatory frameworks in this context is the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), which provides a legal framework for activities and communication in digital spaces. Such regulations create tension. On the one hand, rules are necessary to protect digital spaces from various forms of abuse and conduct that may harm others. On the other hand, the application of legal provisions to expressions on social media raises questions about the boundaries between criticism, unlawful conduct, and restrictions on freedom of expression.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">These questions become particularly significant when such expressions involve criticism of the government or public officials. In such circumstances, regulation may be understood as an effort to maintain order, while also raising concerns that the space for public criticism and the expression of social aspirations may become increasingly constrained. This tension became visible again in August 2026, when West Java Police arrested two social media users over posts and comments concerning President Prabowo Subianto\u2019s remarks about Iran (Yerica Lai, Jakarta Post, 2026). Police alleged that the content contained elements of provocation and incitement and cited provisions of the ITE Law and the Criminal Code. Rights groups, however, questioned the use of criminal provisions in response to such expressions and raised concerns about their implications for freedom of expression. The case illustrates how a comment posted on social media can move from the realm of public conversation into the domain of law enforcement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Digital freedom, therefore, cannot be understood simply as a choice between freedom and restriction. More important is to examine how freedom itself is shaped by law, institutions, and digital mechanisms. An individual may have the opportunity to speak, but whether that expression becomes visible, goes viral, or receives public attention is not entirely within the speaker\u2019s control. Social media provides a space for expression while simultaneously introducing mechanisms that shape how voices circulate and how they are received. This is where the question of the digital public space becomes increasingly complex. On the one hand, social media expands the possibility for people to appear before others and express their views. On the other hand, this space is structured by various mechanisms that shape visibility and establish the boundaries of expression. The question, then, is not only who controls the digital space, but also how the reality that emerges within that space is constructed. This question leads to a deeper consideration of appearance, representation, and simulation in social media. To understand this paradox, it is necessary to look beyond the rules that regulate expression and examine how social media itself shapes the reality within which such expression takes place.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Between Appearance and Simulation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An event in a digital space does not appear to users as a complete reality; rather, it is encountered through videos, photographs, comments, hashtags, likes, and other forms of representation. Through this process, an event can acquire new meanings as it is selected, framed, repeated, and circulated. In this context, Jean Baudrillard\u2019s theory of simulation and hyperreality helps explain how digital representations can shape human experience of reality. Baudrillard views contemporary society as one in which it has become increasingly difficult to distinguish reality from its representations (Mendoza 2010, 45). In <em>Simulacra and Simulation<\/em>, he argues that signs no longer simply refer to something real but can stand on their own and even replace the reality to which they originally referred. This process is what he calls simulation (Wernick 2010, 199).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This logic can be observed in the way social media shapes people\u2019s experience of an event. An event does not appear simply as an event, but as the most-viewed video clip, the most-liked comment, the most frequently used hashtag, or the narrative that is shared most widely. Repetition can create the impression that something is increasingly true or important simply because it is encountered more frequently. Virality, therefore, does not merely accelerate the circulation of information; it can also shape the social reality through which the public understands an event. Social media, therefore, does not merely produce hyperreality; it also provides a space in which real issues acquire new forms through which they appear before the public.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In contrast to Baudrillard, who focuses on the dominance of signs and simulation in contemporary society, Hannah Arendt situates freedom within human relationships with others. In <em>On Revolution<\/em>, Arendt distinguishes between <em>liberation<\/em> and <em>freedom<\/em>. Liberation from a form of oppression does not, in itself, constitute freedom. Freedom becomes real when people are able to appear, speak, and act together with others in a public space (Arendt 1990, 29\u201330). For Arendt, therefore, freedom cannot be understood simply as the absence of restrictions, but as the opportunity to participate in a shared world (Arendt 1990, 29\u201330). This idea is closely connected to the concept of <em>action<\/em> in <em>The Human Condition<\/em>. Of the three activities that constitute the <em>vita activa<\/em>\u2014<em>labor, work,<\/em> and <em>action<\/em>\u2014Arendt gives particular attention to <em>action<\/em> as an activity that takes place among people and is grounded in the condition of plurality (Walsh 2011, 125).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arendt\u2019s understanding provides another way of interpreting social media. When individuals share their experiences, express criticism, participate in public conversations, or mobilize attention around an issue, they engage in a form of <em>appearance<\/em> before others. Social media expands this possibility because individuals no longer need access to media institutions or formal political spaces to make their voices heard. Personal experiences can become public conversations, while attention to a particular case can develop into collective action. Yet <em>appearance<\/em> on social media is not entirely equivalent to the public space envisioned by Arendt. Digital presence takes place through screens and platforms that have their own mechanisms of selection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At this point, Baudrillard and Arendt offer two important perspectives for understanding the digital public space. Arendt allows us to see social media as a space that expands the possibility for people to <em>appear, speak,<\/em> and <em>act<\/em> together with others. Baudrillard, by contrast, shows that this space of appearance is never neutral, as it is already saturated with signs, representations, and simulations. Social media expands the possibility of appearing before the public while simultaneously transforming the conditions through which such appearances are produced, viewed, and believed. Another equally important question concerns the fact that the freedom to appear in public does not necessarily entail the freedom to determine how one\u2019s identity and reality are represented. An individual may be free to speak, yet the meaning of that speech can change once it enters the circulation of digital media. Conversely, something that gains high visibility does not necessarily represent the whole of reality. Both freedom and reality in digital spaces are shaped by mechanisms of visibility.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Reimagining Freedom in the Digital Public Space<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">From the intersection of Baudrillard and Arendt, digital freedom can be understood through three interconnected dimensions. First is the capacity to <em>appear<\/em>: every individual needs the opportunity to be present and to have space for their voice within public conversation. Second is the capacity to <em>speak<\/em>: individuals need the freedom to express ideas, experiences, and criticism without being controlled by a single force that determines the boundaries of the entire conversation. Third is the capacity to <em>act<\/em>: freedom becomes meaningful when one\u2019s voice enables people to participate and act together with others in responding to matters that concern their shared life. These three dimensions require an additional condition: the capacity to <em>think<\/em>\u2014the ability not simply to follow the flow of signs and virality, but to reflect on and determine one\u2019s actions consciously.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">From this perspective, this article proposes the concept of digital public freedom. The concept does not refer to unlimited freedom, nor does it simply mean the freedom to speak on social media. <em>Digital public freedom<\/em> refers to the capacity of individuals to appear, speak, think, and act meaningfully with others within a public space mediated by technology, law, platforms, and digital mechanisms of visibility. This form of freedom does not eliminate the need for regulation, but it requires that regulation not undermine society\u2019s capacity to participate in public affairs. This concept also demonstrates why the question of digital freedom cannot be resolved simply by choosing between freedom and control. State control is one form of power, but it is not the only one. Digital platforms, algorithms, social norms, user communities, and users themselves all contribute to shaping the boundaries of the digital public space. At the same time, users are not merely objects of these systems.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The digital public space, therefore, is a space of continual negotiation. It is neither completely free nor entirely controlled. Freedom within it emerges through the changing relationships among individuals, communities, the state, platforms, and technology. In such a space, the central challenge is not to eliminate all boundaries, but to ensure that these boundaries do not erase the possibility for people to appear, speak, think, and act together with others. The question \u201cWho Controls the Digital Public Space?\u201d does not have a single answer. Control is distributed across multiple actors and mechanisms that collectively shape how reality and public voices become visible. The future of digital freedom, therefore, depends not only on the extent to which people can speak without facing punishment, but also on whether they retain the capacity to appear, shape public conversations, and act together within an increasingly digitally mediated public space.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_7\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_8  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_8,\r\n                .tdi_8 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_8,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_8 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_8:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_10  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_10{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_10 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;\uc800\uc790\uc18c\uac1c&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<strong>\ubc14\ub2c8 \ub5a4\ub370\ub09c(vanimantong@gmail.com)<\/strong>\uc740<br \/>\n\uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c(SNUAC) \ubc29\ubb38\ud559\uc790\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uc138\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc9c1\uc2e0\ud559 \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \uc2e0\ud559\uacfc \ubb38\ud654, \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc998\uc744 \uc804\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \uc5c5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5f0\uc138\uc2e0\ud559\ub3d9\ubb38\ud68c\uc7a5\uc0c1(2026) \uc218\uc0c1\uacfc <em>Acta Theologica<\/em> \ubc0f <em>Feminist Theology<\/em> \ub17c\ubb38 \uac8c\uc7ac\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \ub17c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 <em>Acta Theologica<\/em>\uc640 <em>Feminist Theology<\/em>\uc5d0 \uac8c\uc7ac\ud55c \u201cThe Beauty of Sorrow: <em>Ma<\/em><em>\u2019<\/em><em>badong<\/em>\u201d, \u201cThe Eternal Bonds&#8230;\u201d, \u201cMy Body Is My Own\u201d \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vani Tendenan (<\/strong><strong>vanimantong@gmail.com<\/strong><strong>)<br \/>\n<\/strong>is a Visiting Scholar at the Seoul National University Asia Research Center (SNUAC). She received her doctorate in Systematic Theology from Yonsei University, specializing in theology, culture, and feminism. Her major achievements include the Yonsei Theology Alumni Association President\u2019s Award (2026) and publications in Acta Theologica and Feminist Theology. Her publications include \u201cThe Beauty of Sorrow: <em>Ma<\/em><em>\u2019<\/em><em>badong<\/em>,\u201d \u201cThe Eternal Bonds&#8230;,\u201d and \u201cMy Body Is My Own\u201d in Acta Theologica and Feminist Theology.[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_11\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_12  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_12,\r\n                .tdi_12 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_12,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_12 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_12 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_12:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_12:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_14  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_14{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_14 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_14 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_14 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_14 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_14 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" >[vc_text_separator title=&#8221;\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]Arendt, Hannah. 1990. <em>On Revolution<\/em>. London: Penguin Books.<\/p>\n<p>Kharisma, Dona Budi. 2024. \u201cNo Viral No Justice: Is It a Principle of Social Justice? (Study of Viral Cases on Social Media in Indonesia).\u201d <em>Safer Communities<\/em> 24 (2): 103\u2013115. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/SC-07-2024-0037\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/SC-07-2024-0037<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Lai, Yerica. 2026. \u201cArrests over Posts on Prabowo\u2019s Iran Remark Raise Free Speech Alarm.\u201d <em>The Jakarta Post<\/em>, August 10, 2026.<\/p>\n<p>Lim, Merlyna. 2025. \u201cIn Curhat We Unite (and Divide): Scalable Affective Sociality, Algorithmic Politics, and Social Media in Indonesia.\u201d <em>Indonesia<\/em> 119 (April): 39\u201357. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/ind.2025.a961926\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/ind.2025.a961926<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Mendoza, Daryl Y. 2010. \u201cCommodity, Sign, and Spectacle: Retracing Baudrillard\u2019s Hyperreality.\u201d <em>Kritike<\/em> 4 (2): 45\u201359.<\/p>\n<p>Walsh, Philip. 2011. \u201cThe Human Condition as Social Ontology: Hannah Arendt on Society, Action and Knowledge.\u201d <em>History of the Human Sciences<\/em> 24 (2): 120\u2013137.<\/p>\n<p>Wernick, Andrew. 2010. \u201cSimulation.\u201d In <em>The Baudrillard Dictionary<\/em>, edited by Richard G. Smith. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \u2018curhat(\uac1c\uc778\uc801 \uacbd\ud5d8 \uacf5\uc720)\u2019\uc640 \u2018No Viral, No Justice\u2019 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc18c\uc15c\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4\uac00 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \uacf5\uc801 \uc758\uc81c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\uc628 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubc95\uacfc \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc, \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998, \ubc14\uc774\ub7f4\ub9ac\ud2f0\uac00 \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uacfc \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc88c\uc6b0\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc57c\ub974\uc640 \uc544\ub80c\ud2b8\uc758 \ub17c\uc758\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c, \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4 \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\uace0\ud558\uace0 \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \u2018\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uacf5\uc801 \uc790\uc720(digital public freedom)\u2019\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12226,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1980,1683,1679],"tags":[1993,1994,390,539,1995],"class_list":["post-12219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-2026-21","category-1683","category-1679","tag-1993","tag-1994","tag-390","tag-539","tag-1995"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12219"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12266,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12219\/revisions\/12266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/snuacwebzine.snu.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}